Task-switching mechanisms under methamphetamine cravings: sex differences in cued and voluntary task-switching.

Introduction: This study explored the effects of task-switching type and sex on the task-switching ability of methamphetamine abstainers, as well as the differences in brain mechanisms under drug cravings under drug cravings using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Methods: Craving-inducing videos were used to arouse 20 methamphetamine abstainers (including 10 men), whose switching ability was then assessed using voluntary and cued task-switching exercises.

Results: During task-switching under methamphetamine cravings, the activation of the premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), frontal eye field (FEF), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in women was significantly stronger than in men, while the activation of FEF in men was significantly stronger than in women.

Effect of electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation techniques on shoulder function in patients with rotator cuff injuries.

Background: The rotator cuff is located below the acromion and deltoid muscles and comprises multiple tendons that wrap around the humeral head, maintaining shoulder joint stability.

Aim: To explore the effect of electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation techniques on shoulder function in patients with rotator cuff injuries.

Methods: We selected 97 patients with rotator cuff injuries treated in the People's Hospital of Yuhuan from February 2020 to May 2023.

Moyamoya syndrome may result from psoriasis: Four case reports.

Background: Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is a group of diseases that involves more than one underlying disease and is accompanied by moyamoya vascular phenomena. Psoriasis is a chronic immune skin disease closely linked to high blood pressure and heart disease. However, psoriasis-related MMS has not been reported.

Activation and Transformation of Methane on Boron-Doped Cobalt Oxide Cluster Cations CoBO.

The cleavage of inert C-H bonds in methane at room temperature and the subsequent conversion into value-added products are quite challenging. Herein, the reactivity of boron-doped cobalt oxide cluster cations CoBO toward methane under thermal collision conditions was studied by mass spectrometry experiments and quantum-chemical calculations. In this reaction, one H atom and the CH unit of methane were transformed separately to generate the product metaboric acid (HBO) and one CoCH ion, respectively.

The protective effects of EGCG was associated with HO-1 active and microglia pyroptosis inhibition in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which has high mortality and disability rate is associated with microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, and the effective treatment methods are limited Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been found to play a cytoprotective role by regulating the anti-inflammatory response to pyroptosis in other systemic diseases. However, the role of EGCG in microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation after ICH remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG pretreatment on neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in experimental ICH.

Coupling of N and O in the Gas Phase to Synthesize Nitric Oxide at Room Temperature: A Zeldovich-Like Strategy.

Dinitrogen (N) activation and its chemical transformations are some of the most challenging topics in chemistry. Herein, we report that heteronuclear metal anions AuNbBO can mediate the direct coupling of N and O to generate NO molecules. N first forms the nondissociative adsorption product AuNbBON on AuNbBO.

Paracanthocobitis putaoensis, a new loach species (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from the Irrawaddy basin in northern Myanmar.

Paracanthocobitis putaoensis sp. nov. is described based on analysis of morphological and molecular data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I-COI).

Two Carbon Dioxide Molecules Consecutively Reduced by Metal-Free BO Anions.

Compared with transition metals, nonmetallic elements have always been considered to have low reactivity toward carbon dioxide. However, in recent years, main-group compounds such as boron-based species have gradually attracted increasing attention due to their prospective applications in different kinds of reactions. Herein, we report that metal-free anions BO can promote two CO reductions, producing the oxygen-rich product BO.

Engineering Bifunctional Calcium Alendronate Gene-Delivery Nanoneedle for Synergistic Chemo/Immuno-Therapy Against HER2 Positive Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with widespread peritoneal dissemination and ascites. Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) have demonstrated impressive antitumor efficacy in hematological malignancies, but the clinical potency is limited by their short half-life, inconvenient continuous intravenous infusion, and severe toxicity at relevant therapeutic levels in solid tumors.

Direct Conversion of N and O to Nitric Oxide at Room Temperature Initiated by Double Aromaticity in the YBO Cation.

The conversion of dinitrogen to more useful and reactive molecules has been the focus of intense research by chemists. In contrast to reductive N fixation, direct oxidation of N by O to nitric oxide under mild conditions via a thermochemical process is extremely challenging. Herein, we report the first example of N and O activation and coupling under thermochemical conditions through the remarkable ability of YBO to react with one N and two O molecules.

Proteomic profiling reveals mitochondrial toxicity of nanosilver and silver nitrate in the gill of common carp.

Mitochondria are recognized as an important target organelle for the toxicity of nanomaterials. Although the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on mitochondria have been widely reported, the mechanism behind the toxicity remains unclear. In this study, the effects of two forms of silver (AgNPs and AgNO) on carp gill mitochondria were investigated by analyzing the mitochondrial ultrastructure, physicochemical properties of mitochondrial membrane, and mitochondrial proteomics.

Trophodynamics and health risk assessment of toxic trace metals in the food web of a plateau freshwater lake.

The trophodynamics of toxic trace metals is significant for assessing the threat of toxic trace metals to the aquatic ecosystem and human safety. However, due to the difficulty of accurately calculating the trophic positions of freshwater aquatic organisms in the food web, the comprehensive process of trophodynamics of toxic trace metals in freshwater ecosystems was still rarely known. By integrating the compound-specific nitrogen stable isotopic analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AAs) and the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (SIMM) as a novel approach, the present study investigated the trophodynamics of five toxic trace metals (Zn, As, Cr, Cu, and Hg) in the food web of the YangZong Lake, a plateau freshwater lake that was once heavily polluted by arsenic in Yunnan Province, China.

Plasma-Assisted Coupling Reactions of Dinitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Mediated by Monometallic YB ⋅Anions: Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation.

Transition-metal catalyzed coupling to form C-N bonds is significant in chemical science. However, the inert nature of N and CO renders their coupling quite challenging. Herein, we report the activation of dinitrogen in the mild plasma atmosphere by the gas-phase monometallic YB anions and further coupling of CO to form C-N bonds by using mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation.

Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection in Preventing Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity: An Analysis of Evidence from 3598 Patients.

Background: Oxaliplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, severe oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) has been well documented. Traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) have shown significant efficacy in preventing OIPN.

Anticancer effects of a single intramuscular dose of a minicircle DNA vector expressing anti-CD3/CD20 in a xenograft mouse model.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are a class of promising anticancer immunotherapies. Among them, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved blinatumomab (BLI) is very effective in eliminating the minimum residual disease (MRD) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), resulting in long-term remission in many individuals. However, the need for months-long intravenous delivery and high cost limit its clinical acceptance.

Normobaric oxygen may correct chronic cerebral ischemia-mediated EEG anomalies.

Aims: To explore the safety and efficacy of normobaric oxygen (NBO) on correcting chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and related EEG anomalies.

Methods: This prospective randomized trial (NCT03745092) enrolled 50 cases of CCI patients, which were divided into NBO (8 L/min of oxygen supplement) group and control group (room air) randomly, and also enrolled 21 healthy volunteers. Two times of 30-min EEG recordings with the interval of 45min of NBO or room air were analyzed quantitatively.

Calcium phosphate nanoneedle based gene delivery system for cancer genetic immunotherapy.

Ovarian cancer has become one of the most common gynecological cancers with a high mortality. However, conventional surgery together with combination chemotherapy is difficult to achieve ideal therapeutic effect. Although genetic immunotherapy is applied to active immune responses against cancer, the absence of efficient in vivo gene delivery technique is still an obstacle in clinical application.

Visit-to-visit Systolic Blood Pressure Variability and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP) may have an important additional role in increasing the risk of vascular complications, including stroke. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between visit-to-visit SBP variability (SBPV) and stroke risk. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library databases were searched for cohort studies with data on visit-to-visit SBPV and stroke risk.

Sulforaphane prevents PC12 cells from oxidative damage via the Nrf2 pathway.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl pyridine ion (MPP+)‑induced cytotoxicity and to investigate its possible mechanisms.

Methods: PC12 cell toxicity induced by MPP+ served as a cell model of Parkinson's diseases. The cell culture + experiments were divided into four groups based on the different treatments, namely, vehicle control, SFN, MPP+ and SFN pretreatment plus MPP+.

Electrical exposure analysis of galvanic-coupled intra-body communication based on the empirical arm models.

Background: Intra-body communication (IBC) is one of the highlights in studies of body area networks. The existing IBC studies mainly focus on human channel characteristics of the physical layer, transceiver design for the application, and the protocol design for the networks. However, there are few safety analysis studies of the IBC electrical signals, especially for the galvanic-coupled type.

Giant thermal hysteresis in Verwey transition of single domain FeO nanoparticles.

Most interesting phenomena of condensed matter physics originate from interactions among different degrees of freedom, making it a very intriguing yet challenging question how certain ground states emerge from only a limited number of atoms in assembly. This is especially the case for strongly correlated electron systems with overwhelming complexity. The Verwey transition of FeO is a classic example of this category, of which the origin is still elusive 80 years after the first report.

The synthesis of amphiphilic polyethyleneimine/calcium phosphate composites for bispecific T-cell engager based immunogene therapy.

Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are single chain variable fragments with specific structures, which could connect the surface antigen on cancer cells and CD ligands on T cells, and then engage the T cells for cancer immunotherapy. In this report, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid gene delivery system composed of stearic acid modified polyethyleneimine (stPEI) and calcium phosphate (CaP) was used to deliver MC.DNA into cells to express BiTE antibodies.

Five newly recorded Cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) in Myanmar.

Freshwater fish from the Putao and Myitkyina areas were collected in three ichthyofaunal surveys of the Mali Hka River and tributaries in and around Khakaborazi National Park and Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, Kachin State, from 2014-2016. Chen et Yang 2004, Wu et al. 1977, Wu et al.