Mechanisms of selectivity for azadirachtin in honeybees (Apis cerana): A new strategy for avoiding thiamethoxam ingestion.

The high toxicity of thiamethoxam (Thi) to foragers has threatened the development of bee populations and the use of neonicotinoid pesticides. In this study, we explored the mechanism of selective feeding on azadirachtin (Aza) by foragers to reduce the feeding of Aza-Thi and improve foragers' safety. The results showed that foragers under selective feeding significantly reduced the Aza sucrose solution intake.

Evolution of Sex-linked Genes and the Role of Pericentromeric Regions in Sex Chromosomes: Insights from Diploid Willows.

The evolution of sex chromosomes can involve recombination suppression sometimes involving structural changes, such as inversions, allowing subsequent rearrangements, including inversions and gene transpositions. In the two major genus Salix clades, Salix and Vetrix, almost all species are dioecious, and sex-linked regions have evolved on chromosome 7 and 15, with either male or female heterogamety. We used chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and PacBio HiFi (high-fidelity) reads to assemble chromosome-level, gap-free X and Y chromosomes from both clades, S.

O-Carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles: A novel approach to enhance water stress tolerance in maize seedlings.

Water stress, a significant abiotic stressor, significantly hampers crop growth and yield, posing threat to food security. Despite the promising potential of nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing plant stress tolerance, the precise mechanisms underlying the alleviation of water stress using O-Carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (O-CMC-NPs) in maize remain elusive. In this study, we synthesized O-CMC-NPs and delved into their capacity to mitigate water stress (waterlogging and drought) in maize seedlings.

Gap-free X and Y chromosome assemblies of Salix arbutifolia reveal an evolutionary change from male to female heterogamety in willows, without a change in the position of the sex-determining locus.

In the Vetrix clade of Salix, a genus of woody flowering plants, sex determination involves chromosome 15, but an XY system has changed to a ZW system. We studied the detailed genetic changes involved. We used genome sequencing, with chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and PacBio HiFi reads to assemble chromosome level gap-free X and Y of Salix arbutifolia, and distinguished the haplotypes in the 15X- and 15Y-linked regions, to study the evolutionary history of the sex-linked regions (SLRs).

Effects of the Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Pyriproxyfen, and Tebufenozide on the Fatty Acid Metabolome of Bactrocera Dorsalis Larvae.

Insects' lipids, including fatty acids, as the second largest constituents in insects, play a variety of fundamental and vital functions. However, there is a lack of reports on the effects of insect growth regulators on fatty acid profiles and metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, a comparative study of three growth regulators, azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide, on fatty acids was carried out using a targeted metabolomics approach to fill this gap.

[Species identification of Ligustrum lucidum].

Ligustrum lucidum is a woody perennial plant of genus Ligustrum in family Oleaceae. Its dried fruit has high medicinal value. In this study, the authors evaluated the variability and species identification efficiency of three specific DAN barcodes(rbcL-accD, ycf1a, ycf1b) and four general DAN barcodes(matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2) for a rapid and accurate molecular identification of Ligustrum species.

Nano-pesticide carrier O-Carboxymethyl chitosan is indigestible in Apis cerana cerana and affects intestinal flora.

O-Carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (O-CMC-NPs), which are organic pesticide carriers, have excellent application potential. Exploring the effects of O-CMC-NPs on non-target organisms, such as Apis cerana cerana, is critical for their effective application; however, such studies are limited. This study investigated the stress response of A.

Evolutionary origin and establishment of a dioecious diploid-tetraploid complex.

Polyploids recurrently emerge in angiosperms, but most polyploids are likely to go extinct before establishment due to minority cytotype exclusion, which may be specifically a constraint for dioecious plants. Here we test the hypothesis that a stable sex-determination system and spatial/ecological isolation facilitate the establishment of dioecious polyploids. We determined the ploidy levels of 351 individuals from 28 populations of the dioecious species Salix polyclona, and resequenced 190 individuals of S.

Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Beagle Dogs.

Objective: The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in Beagle dogs.

Methods: The APP jet was diagnosed using optical emission spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Six Beagles received stainless steel ligatures to establish experimental periodontitis model.

[Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factor Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Content at Town Level Based on Geographic Detector].

Geographic detectors can quickly detect spatial stratified heterogeneity and quantitatively reveal the intensity of driving factors of heavy metal content, which is of great significance for the prevention, control, and remediation of soil heavy metal pollution. In order to reveal the spatial differentiation and influencing factors of soil heavy metal content on the town-scale, 788 topsoil samples were collected from a town in the hinterland of Chengdu Plain. Soil heavy metal (Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni) pollution risk assessments were carried out by using the geo-accumulation index method.

Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification.

Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups: cycads, , conifers, and gnetophytes. Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved. Next generation sequencing has made available a large number of sequences, including both plastomes and single-copy nuclear genes, for reconstruction of solid phylogenetic trees.

Reproductive biology of an endangered lithophytic shrub and implications for its conservation.

Background: Plants in cliff habitats may evolve specific reproductive strategies to cope with harsh environments, and unraveling these reproductive characteristics can improve our understanding of survival strategies and lithophyte evolution. This understanding is especially important for efforts to protect rare and endemic plants. Here, we investigated the reproductive biology of Lonicera oblata, an endangered lithophytic shrub that is scattered in highly fragmented and isolated cliff habitats of the Taihang and Yan mountains in North China.

The phylogeny of Salix revealed by whole genome re-sequencing suggests different sex-determination systems in major groups of the genus.

Background And Aims: The largest genus of Salicaceae sensu lato, Salix, has been shown to consist of two main clades: clade Salix, in which species have XY sex-determination systems (SDSs) on chromosome 7, and clade Vetrix including species with ZW SDSs on chromosome 15. Here, we test the utility of whole genome re-sequencing (WGR) for phylogenomic reconstructions of willows to infer changes between different SDSs.

Methods: We used more than 1 TB of WGR data from 70 Salix taxa to ascertain single nucleotide polymorphisms on the autosomes, the sex-linked regions (SLRs) and the chloroplast genomes, for phylogenetic and species tree analyses.

Leaky Mode Resonance-Induced Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetector Composed of Graphene/Small Diameter Silicon Nanowire Array Heterojunctions.

Ultraviolet photodetectors (UVPDs) based on wide band gap semiconductors (WBSs) are important for various civil and military applications. However, the relatively harsh preparation conditions and the high cost are unfavorable for commercialization. In this work, we proposed a non-WBS UVPD by using a silicon nanowire (SiNW) array with a diameter of 45 nm as building blocks.

Filterless Discrimination of Wavelengths in the Range from Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Light Using Two PdSe/Thin Si/PdSe Heterojunction Photodetectors.

In this study, we present a wavelength sensor that is capable of distinguishing the spectrum in the range from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) light. The filterless device is composed of two horizontally stacking PdSe/20 μm Si/PdSe heterojunction photodetectors with a photovoltaic (PV) behavior, which makes it possible for the device to work at 0 bias voltage. Due to the relatively small thickness of Si and the wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient, the two PdSe/20 μm Si/PdSe photodetectors according to theoretical simulation display a sharp contrast in distribution of the photoabsorption rate.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of C.B.Rob (Urticaceae).

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C.B.Rob was reported.

Computational Studies on the Materials Combining Graphene Quantum Dots and Pt Complexes with Adjustable Luminescence Characteristics.

Graphene materials with particular properties are proved to be beneficial to photoelectric devices, but there are rare reports on a positive effect by graphene on emissive layer materials of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) previously. On the basis of the latest important experiments, an OLED device with the aid of graphene quantum dots shows the dawn of their application for luminescent materials. The luminescence performance has been improved, but the understanding of the internal excited-state radiation mechanism of the material needs further study.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of (Eriocaulaceae).

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of was sequenced and assembled in this study. The cp genome of is 150947 bp in length, composed of a pair of 26451 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs), separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) of 81064 bp, and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 16981 bp. The cp genome contained 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes.

Direct Tellurization of Pt to Synthesize 2D PtTe for High-Performance Broadband Photodetectors and NIR Image Sensors.

Platinum telluride (PtTe) has garnered significant research enthusiasm owing to its unique characteristics. However, large-scale synthesis of PtTe toward potential photoelectric and photovoltaic application has not been explored yet. Herein, we report direct tellurization of Pt nanofilms to synthesize large-area PtTe films and the influence of growth conditions on the morphology of PtTe.

Eco-Friendly Castor Oil-Based Delivery System with Sustained Pesticide Release and Enhanced Retention.

The deposition of pesticides and their retention on plant surfaces are critical challenges for modern precision agriculture, which directly affect phytosanitary treatment, bioavailability, efficacy, and the loss of pesticides. Herein, a novel and eco-friendly waterborne polyurethane delivery system was developed to enhance the spray deposition and pesticide retention on plant surfaces. More specifically, biobased cationic and anionic waterborne polyurethane dispersions were synthesized from castor oil.

Integrated LC-MS and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics studies of the effect of azadirachtin on Bactrocera dorsalis larvae.

Azadirachtin exhibits excellent bioactivities against several hundred arthropods. However, current knowlege of its biochemical effect on B. dorsalis larvae is not deep enough.

The comparative metabolic response of Bactrocera dorsalis larvae to azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen and tebufenozide.

Azadirachtin, as the most promising and effective botanical insecticide, exhibits significant growth inhibition activity against agricultural and forestry pests. However, its biochemical effects at the metabolic level compared with those of other insect growth regulators have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, a GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to compare azadirachtin with pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone analog) and tebufenozide (a molting hormone analog) in terms of their metabolic effects on Bactrocera dorsalis larvae.

Ultrathin Polymer Nanofibrils for Solar-Blind Deep Ultraviolet Light Photodetectors Application.

Solar-blind deep ultraviolet photodetectors (DUVPDs) based on conventional inorganic ultrawide bandgap semiconductors (UWBS) have shown promising application in various civil and military fields and yet they can hardly be used in wearable optoelectronic devices and systems for lack of mechanical flexibility. In this study, we report a non-UWBS solar-blind DUVPD by designing ultrathin polymer nanofibrils with a virtual ultrawide bandgap, which was obtained by grafting P3HT with PHA via a polymerization process. Optoelectronic analysis reveals that the P3HT--PHA nanofibrils are sensitive to DUV light with a wavelength of 254 nm but are virtually blind to both 365 nm and other visible light illuminations.

Multilayered PdSe/Perovskite Schottky Junction for Fast, Self-Powered, Polarization-Sensitive, Broadband Photodetectors, and Image Sensor Application.

Group-10 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with distinct optical and tunable electrical properties have exhibited great potential for various optoelectronic applications. Herein, a self-powered photodetector is developed with broadband response ranging from deep ultraviolet to near-infrared by combining FA Cs PbI perovskite with PdSe layer, a newly discovered TMDs material. Optoelectronic characterization reveals that the as-assembled PdSe/perovskite Schottky junction is sensitive to light illumination ranging from 200 to 1550 nm, with the highest sensitivity centered at ≈800 nm.

Light Confinement Effect Induced Highly Sensitive, Self-Driven Near-Infrared Photodetector and Image Sensor Based on Multilayer PdSe /Pyramid Si Heterojunction.

In this study, a highly sensitive and self-driven near-infrared (NIR) light photodetector based on PdSe /pyramid Si heterojunction arrays, which are fabricated through simple selenization of predeposited Pd nanofilm on black Si, is demonstrated. The as-fabricated hybrid device exhibits excellent photoresponse performance in terms of a large on/off ratio of 1.6 × 10 , a responsivity of 456 mA W , and a high specific detectivity of up to 9.