A dual-mode RNA-splitting aptamer biosensor for sensitive HIV Tat peptide detection via colorimetry and fluorescence.

Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is critical for effective treatment; however, traditional antibody methods encounter challenges during the infection window, and nucleic acid tests require specialized equipment. In this study, a dual-mode ribonucleic acid (RNA)-splitting aptamer biosensor was developed to target the HIV trans-activator of transcription (Tat) protein, a key HIV biomarker for viral replication throughout the infection cycle. The biosensor integrates colorimetric and fluorescent detection techniques by utilizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and two types of aptamers, one labeled with carboxyfluorescein (FAM).

Comparison of the efficacy of the modified internal brace and the arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of an internal brace and the arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).

Methods: The clinical data of 71 patients who were diagnosed with chronic lateral ankle instability between May 2020 and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess clinical outcomes.

Functional Aptamers In Vitro Evolution for Intranuclear Blockage of RNA-Protein Interaction.

Over the last 30 years, despite considerable research and endeavors aimed at harnessing aptamers as pharmaceutical molecules, the progress in developing aptamer-based drugs has been falling short of expectations. Sequential steps of affinity molecule acquisition and functional screening are typically required for discovering affinity-based macromolecule therapeutics, which can be time-consuming and limiting in candidate selection. Additionally, aptamers often necessitate tedious postselection modifications to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations, which usually impede the binding affinity.

Programmable synthesis of difluorinated hydrocarbons from alkenes through a photocatalytic linchpin strategy.

The introduction of difluoromethylene moieties into organic molecules has garnered significant attention due to their profound influence on the physicochemical and biological properties of compounds. Nonetheless, the existing approaches for accessing difluoroalkanes from readily available feedstock chemicals remain limited. In this study, we present an efficient and modular protocol for the synthesis of difluorinated compounds from alkenes, employing the readily accessible reagent, ClCFSONa, as a versatile "difluoromethylene" linchpin.

Roxb.: A Review of Its Traditional Usages, Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Properties, and Clinical Applications.

. (SGB) is a medicinal plant widely distributed in 17 countries worldwide. It is the primary raw material of the world-famous and best-selling functional food and beneficial tea.

Fluorinated magnetic porous carbons for dispersive solid-phase extraction of perfluorinated compounds.

Novel magnetic and fluorinated porous carbons (M-FPCs) with high fluorine content, large pore volume and specific surface area were first prepared by carbonizing and further fluorinating Fe-Zr bimetal-organic frameworks. The M-FPCs exhibit excellent adsorption performance toward perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and the maximal adsorption capacity ranges from 518.1 to 919.

Difluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using Freon-22 through Tertiary Amine-Borane-Triggered Halogen Atom Transfer.

The application of abundant and inexpensive fluorine feedstock sources to synthesize fluorinated compounds is an appealing yet underexplored strategy. Here, we report a photocatalytic radical hydrodifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes with an inexpensive industrial chemical, chlorodifluoromethane (ClCFH, Freon-22). This protocol is realized by merging tertiary amine-ligated boryl radical-induced halogen atom transfer (XAT) with organophotoredox catalysis under blue light irradiation.

In Situ Raman Monitoring of Potential-Dependent Adlayer Structures on the Au(111)/Ionic Liquid Interface.

Probing the adlayer structures on an electrode/electrolyte interface is one of the most important tasks in modern electrochemistry for clarifying the electrochemical processes. Herein, we have combined cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy techniques to explore the potential-dependent adlayer structures on Au(111) in a room-temperature ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF) without or with pyridine (Py). It is clearly found that the BMI cations strongly adsorb on the negatively charged surface with a flat-lying orientation, leaving a little space for Py adsorption.

Antifouling Gold-Inlaid BSA Coating for the Highly Efficient Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells.

Large amounts of coexisting contamination in complex biofluid samples impede the quantified veracity of biomarkers, which is the key problem for disease confirmation. Herein, amyloid-like transformed bovine serum albumin inlaid with gold nanoparticles was used as a coating (BGC) on a substrate composed of silicon nanowires (SW; BGC-SW) under ambient conditions. After modification with the recognition group, BGC-SW could serve as an outstanding platform for the selective separation and sensitive detection of biomarkers in complicated biosamples.

Metal-Enhanced Aggregation-Induced Emission Strategy for the HIV-I RNA-Binding Ligand Assay.

The HIV-Ι trans-activation responsive (TAR) RNA-trans-activator of transcription (Tat) protein complex is crucial for the efficient transcription of the integrated human immunodeficiency virus-I genome and is an established therapeutic target for AIDS diagnosis and treatment. Developing a sensitive strategy for the TAR RNA-binding ligand assay could provide antiviral leads with a radically new mechanism for the treatment of AIDS. Herein, a new TAR RNA-binding ligand assay platform was established using a signal amplification strategy that combines aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with a metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) concept.

Preparation of fluorinated covalent organic polymers at room temperature for removal and detection of perfluorinated compounds.

Covalent organic polymers (COPs) are promising adsorbents for the removal and detection of various types of pollutants. However, the preparation of COPs that exhibit uniform dispersion and good appearance at room temperature is challenging. Herein, fluorinated covalent organic polymers (F-COPs) with different morphologies were synthesized through the Schiff base reaction of 4,4-diamino-p-terphenyl (DT) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde (TFA).

A Light-Up Strategy with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Identification of HIV-I RNA-Binding Small Molecules.

Fluorescence methods are important tools to identify RNA-binding small molecules and further employed to study RNA-protein interactions. Most reported fluorescence strategies are based on covalent labeling of ligand or RNA, which can impede the binding between them to some extent, or light-off fluorescent indicator displacement methods, which ask for particular indicators. Herein, a label-free fluorescence strategy based on the light-on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative to screen RNA-binding small molecules is presented.

A dual-function oligonucleotide-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor for ATP detection.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency of life that plays a vital role in supporting physiological activities in living organisms, including humans. Therefore, accurate and sensitive detection of ATP concentration is necessary in biochemical research and clinical diagnosis. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor was developed for ATP detection.

A magnetic fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based QuEChERS method for organophosphorus pesticide residues analysis in Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

In order to meet the requirements of pesticide residues' detection in complex matrix samples, the magnetic fluorinated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (M-F-MWCNTs) were prepared and applied as new QuEChERS clean-up materials. Combined with GC-MS, an improved QuEChERS method was successfully developed for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues. The results showed that the M-F-MWCNTs could effectively remove the interfering substances in Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Ligand-RNA interaction assay based on size-selective fluorescence core-shell nanocomposite.

The application of the dye-labeled fluorescence method in a ligand-RNA interaction assay is a complex and costly process prone to steric hindrance. Fluorescent nanomaterials offer an attractive alternative due to their simple, low-cost synthesis and effective screening properties. Here, CdTe@ZIF-8 core-shell nanocomposites were used as fluorescence signal transducer in the ligand-TAR RNA interaction assay.

Enhanced biochemical characteristics of β-glucosidase via adsorption and cross-linked enzyme aggregate for rapid cellobiose hydrolysis.

With proper design, immobilization can be useful tool to improve the stability of enzymes, and in certain cases even their activity, selectivity, productivity and economic viability. An immobilized β-glucosidase (BGL, EC 3.2.

3-Aminophenyl Boronic Acid Functionalized Quantum-Dot-Based Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Tyrosinase Activity.

Using the commercially available and economical 6-hydroxycoumarin (6-HC) as the substrate, a dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence sensor was developed to detect tyrosinase (TYR) activity based on 3-aminophenyl boronic acid functionalized quantum dots (APBA-QDs). TYR can catalyze 6-HC, a monohydroxy compound, to form a fluorescence-enhancing o-hydroxy compound, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin. Owing to the special covalent binding between the -hydroxyl and boric acid groups, APBA-QDs react with 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin to form a five-membered ring ester dual-emission fluorescence probe for TYR.

Bionic-compound-eye structure for realizing a compact integral imaging 3D display in a cell phone with enhanced performance.

A bionic-compound-eye structure (BCES), which is a substitute of a microlens array, is proposed to enhance the performance of integral imaging (II) 3D display systems. Hexagonal ocelli without gaps and barriers are predesigned to obtain a continuous image, high-resolution, and uniform parallax. A curved substrate is designed to enhance the viewing angle.

Synergistic Platinum(II) Prodrug Nanoparticles for Enhanced Breast Cancer Therapy.

Chemotherapy still accounts for a large proportion of the treatments of tumors, but the drug resistance and side effects caused by long-term chemotherapy should not be underestimated. In this work, the drug combination strategy has been widely developed to overcome the side effects brought by the use of single drugs and improve the therapeutic effect. However, in clinical applications, the co-delivery of drugs is very difficult, and different kinetics due to different drug properties will lead to a decrease in efficacy.

Substantive molecular and histological changes within the meniscus with tears.

Background: The meniscus plays a vital role in the normal biomechanics of the knee. However, it is not well studied at the molecular level. The purpose of this study was to determine whether molecular and pathological changes in the meniscal tissue vary depending on the presence or absence of meniscal and/or anterior cruciate ligament tear (ACL).

Catalytic Enantioselective Cyclopropenation of Internal Alkynes: Access to Difluoromethylated Three-Membered Carbocycles.

Herein we described an efficient Rh -catalyzed enantioselective cyclopropenation reaction of internal alkynes with a masked difluorodiazoethane reagent (PhSO CF CHN , Ps-DFA). This asymmetric transformation offers efficient access to a broad range of enantioenriched difluoromethylated cyclopropenes (40 examples, up to 99 % yield, 97 % ee). The synthetic utility of obtained strained carbocycles is demonstrated by subsequent stereodefined processes, including cross-couplings, hydrogenation, Diels-Alder reaction, and Pauson-Khand reaction.