Coenurosis of Yak, Bos grunniens, caused by Taenia multiceps: A Case Report with Molecular Identification in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

Coenurosis is an important zoonotic helminthic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia multiceps. This parasite typically infects the brain of the intermediate hosts, including sheep, goat, cattle and even humans. We report a case of T.

Development of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus-based vectors for multiple-gene expression and guide RNA delivery in plant genome editing.

Many plant viruses with monopartite or bipartite genomes have been developed as efficient expression vectors of foreign recombinant proteins. Nonetheless, due to lack of multiple insertion sites in these plant viruses, it is still a big challenge to simultaneously express multiple foreign proteins in single cells. The genome of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) offers an attractive system for expression of multiple foreign proteins owning to a multipartite genome composed of five positive-stranded RNAs.

Infection with Paragonimus westermani of boar-hunting dogs in Western Japan maintained via artificial feeding with wild boar meat by hunters.

Infection of boar-hunting dogs with Paragonimus westermani was investigated in Western Japan. Blood and rectal feces were collected from 441 dogs in the three districts (205 in Kinki, 131 in Chugoku and 105 in Shikoku District). In a screening ELISA for serum antibody against P.

Comparative Digital Gene Expression Analysis of the Arabidopsis Response to Volatiles Emitted by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

Some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) regulated plant growth and elicited plant basal immunity by volatiles. The response mechanism to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens volatiles in plant has not been well studied. We conducted global gene expression profiling in Arabidopsis after treatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 volatiles by Illumina Digital Gene Expression (DGE) profiling of different growth stages (seedling and mature) and tissues (leaves and roots).

Genetic diversity and population genetics of the warble flies Hypoderma bovis and H. sinense in Qinghai Province, China.

Background: Hypoderma bovis and H. sinense (Diptera: Oestridae) mainly parasitise cattle and yaks. The two parasites are pathogenic and cause economic losses that result from reduced amounts of livestock products, including milk, meat, and skin.

[Cloning and Expression of Tibetan Sheep-origin Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B Gene and Protein Identification Using Immunological Method].

Objective: To clone and express the Tibetan Sheep-origin Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B8/2 Gene, and immunologically identify the encoded protein.

Methods: The cDNA of EgAgB8/2 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The prokaryotic expression vector pET-EgAgB8/2 was constructed and transformed into E.

[Molecular epidemiological study on HIV/AIDS under the follow-up program in Zhejiang province in 2009].

Objective: To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics on HIV infectors/AIDS patients (HIV/AIDS) under a follow-up program in Zhejiang province in 2009.

Methods: 303 cases were randomly sampled. Information on the cases was collected and followed by genomic DNA extraction.

FOS protein expression and role of the vagus nerve in the rat medullary visceral zone in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage.

This study was designed to observe the role of FOS protein expression in the rat medullary visceral zone (MVZ) in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), with and without severing the vagus nerve. We also investigated the regulatory and control mechanisms of the MVZ and the vagus nerve in MODS following SAH. A model of MODS following SAH was established by injecting arterial blood into the Willis' circle.

Interactions between artemisinins and other antimalarial drugs in relation to the cofactor model--a unifying proposal for drug action.

Artemisinins are proposed to act in the malaria parasite cytosol by oxidizing dihydroflavin cofactors of redox-active flavoenzymes, and under aerobic conditions by inducing their autoxidation. Perturbation of redox homeostasis coupled with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ensues. Ascorbic acid-methylene blue (MB), N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH)-MB, BNAH-lumiflavine, BNAH-riboflavin (RF), and NADPH-FAD-E.

[Survey of HIV drug resistance threshold in Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2011].

Objective: To survey the prevalence of drug resistant HIV in Zhejiang province in 2009-2011.

Methods: WHO truncated sequential sampling technique was adopted annually by using 63, 62 and 57 samples of newly diagnosed as HIV positive and aged 16-25 years in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou from 2009 to 2011, respectively. RNA was prepared and HIV pol region was amplified by RT-PCR and nested PCR.

[Relationship between strain subtypes and transmission of HIV infection within marriage-based immigrant women in rural area of Zhejiang province].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between strain subtypes and transmission of HIV infection on marriage-based immigrant women, their spouses and children in rural area of Zhejiang province.

Methods: Marriage-based immigrant women with HIV infection, their HIV infected spouses and children in rural area in Zhejiang province, were selected as study objects. Analysis on genetic sequence and epidemiologic information was carried out.

A partial convergence in action of methylene blue and artemisinins: antagonism with chloroquine, a reversal with verapamil, and an insight into the antimalarial activity of chloroquine.

Artemisinins rapidly oxidize leucomethylene blue (LMB) to methylene blue (MB); they also oxidize dihydroflavins such as the reduced conjugates RFH₂ of riboflavin (RF), and FADH₂ of the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), to the corresponding flavins. Like the artemisinins, MB oxidizes FADH₂, but unlike artemisinins, it also oxidizes NAD(P)H. Like MB, artemisinins are implicated in the perturbation of redox balance in the malaria parasite by interfering with parasite flavoenzyme disulfide reductases.

Growth and genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus found in cattle imported from Australia and fattened in Japan.

At the abattoir on study in Miyazaki, Japan, 9537 imported cattle from Australia in average were slaughtered annually in the last 5 years (2006 to 2010) and hydatid cysts were constantly detected in about 1.8% of the cattle. In order to assess the risk of Echinococcus granulosus delivered to Japan by imported cattle, 250 cysts found in 103 cattle at the abattoir were examined for their biological characteristics and genotypes.

[Echinococcosis prevalence in elderly population from Haiyan County of Qinghai Province].

Echinococcus infection in elderly population (60-87 years old) was investigated by serological assay, medical imaging and epidemiology history in August, 2008. A total of 234 subjects from different nationalities were examined. Seven cases were serologically positive for echinococcosis and confirmed by medical imaging.

Reactions of antimalarial peroxides with each of leucomethylene blue and dihydroflavins: flavin reductase and the cofactor model exemplified.

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is reduced by NADPH-E. coli flavin reductase (Fre) to FADH(2) in aqueous buffer at pH 7.4 under argon.

[Subtype and transmission of HIV strain in both HIV infected spouses in Zhejiang province].

Objective: To analyse the subtype and transmission of HIV strain in both HIV infected spouses.

Methods: Reported both HIV infected spouses were selected as objects. Analysis on genetic sequence and high risk behaviors was carried out.

[Genotypic drug-resistance of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Zhejiang province, 2004-2007].

Objective: To study the genotypic drug-resistant mutation among treat-naïve or treated patients infected with HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Zhejiang province during 2004-2007.

Methods: HIV-1 pol amplicons (PR + RT) from 13 treated and 43 treat-naïve patients were obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The sequences were analyzed for genotypic antiretroviral resistance through online tools (http://hivdb.

Conjugation of latent membrane protein (LMP)-2 epitope to gold nanoparticles as highly immunogenic multiple antigenic peptides for induction of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in vitro.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a neoplasm with a high incidence in Southeast Asia, and it is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation involving the expression of a weakly immunogenic protein, namely, latent membrane protein (LMP)-2. Previous immunological studies already identified the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A11 restricted peptide epitope (SSCSSCPLSK) in the LMP-2 antigen. In this work, we prepared gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-peptide conjugate 1 by treating the nanoparticles with the N-cysteinated LMP-2 epitope.

[Molecular characteristics of HIV-1 CRF01 _ AE strains in Zhejiang province].

Objective: Using molecular epidemiology method to characterize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype CRF01 _ AE strains being prevailed in Zhejiang province.

Methods: Gag fragments of the HIV-1 strains were amplified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) from the DNA extracted from whole blood of HIV-1 infected individuals in Zhejiang province. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic method.

[The effect of cigarette smoke on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA and collagen type III in airways of asthmatic rats].

Objective: To study the effect of cigarette smoke on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta l (TGF-beta1), and collagen type III in lung tissues, and therefore to investigate the mechanism of airway remodeling.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, an asthmatic group and a cigarette smoke treated group, with 10 rats in each group. The expression level of TGF-beta1 mRNA was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and collagen type III by immunohistochemistry.

Induction of cytotoxic T cell response against HCA661 positive cancer cells through activation with novel HLA-A *0201 restricted epitopes.

HCA661 is a cancer-testis (CT) antigen frequently expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To search for immunogenic peptides of HCA661, bioinformatics analysis and CD8(+) T cell IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay were employed, and two HLA-A *0201 restricted peptides, H110 and H246, were identified. These two HCA661 peptides are naturally processed in dendritic cells (DCs) and when used for DCs loading, they are sufficient to prime autologous CD8(+) T cells to elicit cytotoxic response against HCA661(+) human cancer cells.

T-cell epitopes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus spike protein elicit a specific T-cell immune response in patients who recover from SARS.

The immunogenicity of HLA-A2-restricted T-cell epitopes in the S protein of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and of human coronavirus strain 229e (HCoV-229e) was analyzed for the elicitation of a T-cell immune response in donors who had fully recovered from SARS-CoV infection. We employed online database analysis to compare the differences in the amino acid sequences of the homologous T epitopes of HCoV-229e and SARS-CoV. The identified T-cell epitope peptides were synthesized, and their binding affinities for HLA-A2 were validated and compared in the T2 cell system.