and NAFLD: pathophysiology and therapy.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition observed globally, with the potential to progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD is characterized by histopathological abnormalities in the liver, such as lipid accumulation, steatosis, hepatic balloon degeneration, and inflammation.

Liver histopathological lesions is severe in patients with normal alanine transaminase and low to moderate hepatitis B virus DNA replication.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health problem. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients can be divided into treatment indication and non-treatment indication individuals according to alanine transaminase (ALT), HBV DNA, serum hepatitis B e antigen status, disease status [liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver failure], liver necroinflammation or fibrosis, patients' age, and family history of HCC or cirrhosis. For example, normal ALT patients in 'immune-tolerant' phase with HBV DNA higher than 10 or 2 × 10 IU/mL, and those in 'inactive-carrier' phase with HBV DNA lower than 2 × 10 IU/mL do not require antiviral therapy.

Contribution of the tRNA 4317A→G mutation to the phenotypic manifestation of the deafness-associated mitochondrial 12S rRNA 1555A→G mutation.

The 1555A→G mutation in mitochondrial 12S rRNA has been associated with aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic deafness in many individuals worldwide. Mitochondrial genetic modifiers are proposed to influence the phenotypic expression of m.1555A→G mutation.

Efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus lidocaine in local anesthesia of the nasopharynx: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine compared with lidocaine in local anesthesia of nasopharynx through meta-analysis.

Methods: A number of medical literature data bases were searched electronically. Relevant journals and references of included studies were manually searched.

Prevalence of Mitochondrial ND4 Mutations in 1281 Han Chinese Subjects With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and spectrum of mitochondrial ND4 mutations in subjects with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Methods: A cohort of 1281 Chinese Han probands and 478 control subjects underwent clinical and genetic evaluation, and sequence analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA, as well as enzymatic assay of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.

Results: In this cohort, 503 probands had a family history of optic neuropathy and 778 subjects were sporadic cases.

GJB2 Mutation Spectrum and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in 1067 Han Chinese Subjects with Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss.

Mutations in Gap Junction Beta 2 (GJB2) have been reported to be a major cause of non-syndromic hearing loss in many populations worldwide. The spectrums and frequencies of GJB2 variants vary substantially among different ethnic groups, and the genotypes among these populations remain poorly understood. In the present study, we carried out a systematic and extended mutational screening of GJB2 gene in 1067 Han Chinese subjects with non-syndromic hearing loss, and the resultant GJB2 variants were evaluated by phylogenetic, structural and bioinformatic analysis.

Mitochondrial tRNA(Ser(UCN)) variants in 2651 Han Chinese subjects with hearing loss.

Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA have been associated with hearing loss. However, the prevalence and spectrum of mitochondrial tRNA mutations in hearing-impaired subjects are poorly understood. In this report, we have investigated the prevalence and spectrum of mitochondrial tRNA(Ser(UCN)) mutations in a large cohort of 2651 Han Chinese subjects with hearing loss.

[Mitochondrial tRNA(Thr)T15943C mutation may be a new position that affects the phenotypic expression of deafness associated 12s rRNA A1555G mutation].

Objective: To identify secondary mutations associated with deafness in a Chinese family affected with deafness.

Methods: The family has been subjected to clinical and molecular analyses, in addition with measurement of reactive oxygen species and doubling time after establishment of immortalized lymphocyte cell lines.

Results: The results showed that the hearing loss level and audiometric configuration were discrepant among the family members with maternally transmitted hearing loss.

[Function study of non-syndromic deafness associated mitochondrial 12S rRNA A839G mutation].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between nonsyndromic deafness and mitochondrial 12s rRNA A839G mutation.

Methods: According to the clinical manifestations of mitochondrial DNA sequencing and analysis to find and determine family containing mitochondrial 12s rRNA A839G mutation. Harvested its family members blood and transferred their lymphocytes into lymphoblastoid cell lines, followed by cells cultured, cell doubling experiment, susceptibility testing, cellular oxygen consumption rate experiment, ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential experimental tests were progressed to explore the correlation between the A839G mutation and nonsyndromic deafness.