A Universal Digital Lock-in Amplifier Design for Calibrating the Photo-Detector Responses with Standard Black-Bodies.

The lock-in amplifier (LIA) is widely utilized to detect ultra-weak optical periodic signals based on the phase-sensitive and enhanced detecting theory. In this paper, we present an all-digital and universal embedded LIA platform that accurately and conveniently describes the spectrum generated by standard black bodies at various temperatures with different optical detectors. The proposed design significantly reduces the complexity and cost of traditional analog LIAs while maintaining accuracy.

Mechano-Enzymatic Degradation of the Chitin from Crustacea Shells for Efficient Production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).

Chitin, the second richest polymer in nature, is composed of the monomer N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which has numerous functions and is widely applied in the medical, food, and chemical industries. However, due to the highly crystalline configuration and low accessibility in water of the chitin resources, such as shrimp and crab shells, the chitin is difficult utilize, and the traditional chemical method causes serious environment pollution and a waste of resources. In the present study, three genes encoding chitinolytic enzymes, including the N-acetylglucosaminidase from (), endo-chitinase from (), and multifunctional chitinase from (), were expressed in the system, and the positive transformants with multiple copies were isolated by the PTVA (post-transformational vector amplification) method, respectively.

Compact multifunction digital OFDR system without using an auxiliary interferometer.

This paper describes an integrated, accurate, and inexpensive semiconductor laser -based optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) system design. The system utilizes the fiber under test for both sensing and frequency sweep linearization functions, allowing the system to mitigate and compensate for phase errors without the need for an auxiliary interferometer, as is the case for traditional OFDR systems. Benefiting from the unique and embedded design, this system reaches the minimal OFDR system with only one optical interferometer and its corresponding optic-electric components without sacrificing accuracy.

Breaking limitations of fiber identification in traditional OFDR systems via compensation of initial optical frequency instability.

As the security of optical fiber lines in data centers has attracted growing attention, it has become increasingly important to accurately characterize the fiber that is used. Optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) has been demonstrated as a means of identifying specific segments of optical fiber; however, OFDR measurements are limited in length due to initial optical frequency (IOF) variations. This Letter describes a detailed analysis of IOF and introduces a method to mitigate it in an OFDR system constructed using a semiconductor laser (SCL).

Low-cost optical fiber physical unclonable function reader based on a digitally integrated semiconductor LiDAR.

This paper introduces an integrated fiber physical unclonable function (PUF) verification system based on a semiconductor laser source at substantially lower complexity and cost than existing alternatives. A source sub-section consisting of a linear frequency-swept semiconductor laser is used in combination with an optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR)/LiDAR-based measurement sub-section in order to conduct fiber identification via measurement of the unique Rayleigh reflection pattern of a section of optical fiber. When using these Rayleigh reflection patterns as PUFs, this technique results in a maximum equal error rate (EER) of 0.

Real-time signal processing for sub-THz range grating-based distributed fiber sensing.

Distributed optical fiber sensors are an increasingly utilized method of gathering distributed strain and temperature data. However, the large amount of data they generate presents a challenge that limits their use in real-time, applications. This article describes a parallel and pipelined computing architecture that accelerates the signal-processing speed of sub-terahertz fiber sensor arrays, maintaining high spatial resolution while allowing for expanded use of real-time sensing and control applications.