Endemic Coronavirus Infections are Associated with Strong Homotypic Immunity in a US Cohort of Children from Birth to 4 Years.

Background: The endemic coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E cause cold-like symptoms and are related to SARS-CoV-2, but their natural histories are poorly understood. In a cohort of children followed from birth to 4 years, we documented all coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, to understand protection against subsequent infections with the same virus (homotypic immunity) or a different coronavirus (heterotypic immunity).

Methods: Mother-child pairs were enrolled in metropolitan Cincinnati during the third trimester of pregnancy in 2017-2018.

Factors Associated With Prolonged Respiratory Virus Detection From Polymerase Chain Reaction of Nasal Specimens Collected Longitudinally in Healthy Children in a US Birth Cohort.

Background: Respiratory viral shedding is incompletely characterized by existing studies due to the lack of longitudinal nasal sampling and limited inclusion of healthy/asymptomatic children. We describe characteristics associated with prolonged virus detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a community-based birth cohort.

Methods: Children were followed from birth to 2 years of age in the PREVAIL cohort.

Disseminated Disease After Candidemia in Children and Young Adults: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Risk Factors.

Background: Treatment of candidemia may be complicated by hematogenous dissemination. Limited data exist to guide decision-making regarding the evaluation for disseminated disease. We sought to describe the epidemiology of invasive disease after candidemia, report the diagnostic evaluations performed and identify risk factors for disseminated disease.

Codetection of Plasmodium falciparum in Children Hospitalized With Dengue Fever in the Dominican Republic.

Background: Cases of malaria and dengue in the Dominican Republic both spiked in 2019, but their rates of codetection are poorly characterized, especially in children.

Methods: We performed a prospective, observational study in January to December 2019 at the Hospital Infantil Robert Reid Cabral, in the Dominican Republic, enrolling hospitalized children with a clinical suspicion of dengue fever. Participants with a positive plasma dengue IgM antibodies were included in this study.

Burden of Respiratory Viruses in Children Less Than 2 Years Old in a Community-based Longitudinal US Birth Cohort.

Background: Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. Nevertheless, the population burden of respiratory viral infections, especially asymptomatic cases, is not known due to the lack of prospective community-based cohort studies with intensive monitoring.

Methods: To address this gap, we enacted the PREVAIL cohort, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, where children were followed from 0 to 2 years of age.

Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19 in Children: Case Series Should be Just the Start.

Two new articles describe the use and implementation of monoclonal antibodies to treat COVID-19 in children. While these studies provide valuable guidance for pediatric clinicians, more studies of monoclonal antibodies and other COVID-19 therapies in children are needed.

Tocilizumab for Treatment of Children and Young Adults With Severe Acute COVID-19: Experience at a Quaternary-care Children's Hospital.

We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 16 children and young adults with severe acute COVID-19 who were treated with tocilizumab. Patients who were discharged by day 28 were more likely to be treated with tocilizumab earlier in their COVID-19 illness and had lower ferritin and interleukin-6 levels compared with those who were not discharged by day 28.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Unmasked the Challenges Faced by Early-Stage Faculty in Infectious Diseases: A Call to Action.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated increase in family care responsibilities resulted in unsustainable personal and professional workloads for infectious diseases (ID) faculty on the front lines. This was especially true for early-stage faculty (ESF), many of whom had caregiving responsibilities. In addition, female faculty, underrepresented in medicine and science faculty and particularly ESF, experienced marked declines in research productivity, which significantly impacts career trajectories.

An outbreak of at a quaternary children's hospital linked to equipment reprocessing.

complex (BCC) has been increasingly implicated in local and multistate outbreaks in both adult and pediatric healthcare settings. However, a lack of source identification may be common for BCC outbreak investigations. We describe, in detail, the investigation of an outbreak of BCC () among pediatric patients at a large quaternary-care children's hospital and our system-level changes and outcomes.

Invasive Infection in an 8-Year-Old Child on Lipid Parenteral Nutrition.

Invasive disease due to infection is uncommon but increasingly recognized in children, especially neonates on parenteral nutrition or immunocompromised children. We describe a case of fungemia in a demographically distinct patient and discuss the workup and current strategies for managing this infection in the setting of a central venous catheter.

A case report of three children with secondary hypertension caused by Liddle syndrome.

Background: Liddle syndrome is a monogenetic cause of early-onset hypertension that is associated with hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with variable penetrance.

Case Presentation: We present a case report of three children seen at a tertiary children's hospital with varying severity of hypertension and electrolyte disturbances, who had genetic testing performed due to strong family history of hypertension. They were each subsequently found with the same genetic mutation of SCNN1B consistent with Liddle syndrome and started on epithelial sodium channel inhibitors with improvement in their blood pressure.

Left ventricle and systemic air embolism after percutaneous lung biopsy.

Background: Systemic arterial air embolism following a percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy is a rare but known complication, with current literature reporting an incidence of 0.01-0.45%.

Seeking order amidst chaos: a systematic review of classification systems for causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, 2009-2014.

Background: Each year, about 5.3 million babies die in the perinatal period. Understanding of causes of death is critical for prevention, yet there is no globally acceptable classification system.

Classification systems for causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, 2009-2014: an assessment of alignment with characteristics for an effective global system.

Background: To reduce the burden of 5.3 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths annually, an understanding of causes of deaths is critical. A systematic review identified 81 systems for classification of causes of stillbirth (SB) and neonatal death (NND) between 2009 and 2014.

Characteristics of a global classification system for perinatal deaths: a Delphi consensus study.

Background: Despite the global burden of perinatal deaths, there is currently no single, globally-acceptable classification system for perinatal deaths. Instead, multiple, disparate systems are in use world-wide. This inconsistency hinders accurate estimates of causes of death and impedes effective prevention strategies.