Levofloxacin-induced MexS mutation triggers imipenem-relebactam resistance in a KPC-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objectives: Imipenem-relebactam (IMR), a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, is recommended for infections caused by difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to investigate the evolution trajectory of IMR resistance under the selection of levofloxacin in P. aeruginosa.

Type I BREX system defends against antibiotic-resistant plasmids in .

The Bacteriophage Exclusion (BREX) system is a novel antiphage defense system identified in in 2015. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the BREX system defenses against antibiotic-resistant plasmids such as and invasion in . The BREX system was present in 5.

The evolutionary mechanism of non-carbapenemase carbapenem-resistant phenotypes in spp.

Antibiotic resistance is driven by selection, but the degree to which a bacterial strain's evolutionary history shapes the mechanism and strength of resistance remains an open question. Here, we reconstruct the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in a clinical isolate of . A combination of short- and long-read sequencing, machine learning, and genetic and enzymatic analyses established that this carbapenem-resistant strain carries no carbapenemase-encoding genes.

Dissecting the genotypic features of a fluoroquinolone-resistant ST316 sublineage causing ear infections in Shanghai, China.

Limited information is available regarding the genomic characteristics of causing ear infections. Our aim is to characterize the genotypic features of an emerging ST316 sublineage causing aural infections in Shanghai. A total of 199 ear swab isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS).

A Novel Anti-CRISPR AcrIE9.2 Is Associated with Dissemination of Plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 15.

Sequence type (ST) 15 has become an emerging clone of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in which type I-E* CRISPR-Cas usually exists, indicating that the CRISPR-Cas system may not be able to block the transfer of plasmids. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying dissemination of plasmids in K. pneumoniae ST15.

Genomic characterization of colistin resistance in spp. under the pressure of colistin.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) has become a serious threat to global public health. Colistin is regarded as the last-resort antibiotic for CRKP infections, but colistin resistance among CRKP is increasingly being reported, making clinical treatment for CRKP infections more difficult. The molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in spp.

Insertion sequence mediating mrgB disruption is the major mechanism of polymyxin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from China.

Objectives: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) pose a huge health challenge worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of polymyxin resistance in clinical CRKP isolates in China and to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying these polymyxin-resistant CRKP (PR-CRKP) isolates.

Methods: A total of 493 CRKP clinical isolates from patients were collected from six tertiary-care hospitals in China during 2017-2018.

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the 2019 Dengue Outbreak in Wenzhou, China.

In 2019, a dengue outbreak occurred with 290 confirmed cases in Wenzhou, a coastal city in southeast China. To identify the origin of the dengue virus (DENV) from this outbreak, viral RNA was extracted from four serum samples and sequenced for whole genome analysis. Then, phylogenetic analysis, gene mutation, secondary structure prediction, selection pressure analysis, and recombination analysis were performed.

Identification of Three Clf-Sdr Subfamily Proteins in , and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a Locus Encoding CWA Proteins in Species.

Coagulase-negative is an opportunistic pathogen that is capable of causing several infections, especially in patients with indwelling medical devices. Here, we determined the complete genome sequence of a clinical strain isolated from the blood culture of a 1-year-old nursling patient with acute upper respiratory infection. Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylogenetic relationships between and other species.

Identification and characteristics of a novel aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, APH(3')-IId, from an MDR clinical isolate of Brucella intermedia.

Objectives: To describe a novel chromosomal aminoglycoside phosphotransferase named APH(3')-IId identified in an MDR Brucella intermedia ZJ499 isolate from a cancer patient.

Methods: Species identity was determined by PCR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. WGS was performed to determine the genetic elements conferring antimicrobial resistance.

LncRNA AK087124/miR-224-5p/PTEN axis modulates endothelial cell injury in atherosclerosis through apoptosis and AKT signaling pathway.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in atherosclerosis-related endothelial cells dysfunction during atherosclerosis processes. In the study, our purpose was to discover new long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) via competitively interacting each other to regulate the pathogenesis process of atherosclerosis. We investigated the roles of lncRNA AK087124 and miR-224-5p in atherosclerotic pathogenesis and found that AK087124 was up-regulated while miR-224-5p was down-regulated in in the plasma and plaque from atherosclerotic mice compared with normal mice.

Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Novel Plasmid-Borne -Like Gene, , in a Clinical Strain of .

Purpose: An increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance has been observed in both clinical and environmental isolates in recent years. However, there are still very few in-depth studies regarding the role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of . Hence, we investigated the molecular and functional characterization of a multidrug-resistant plasmid encoding an NDM-like metallo-β-lactamase, AFM-1, in the clinical isolate SS332.

Distribution of β-Lactamase Genes and Genetic Context of in Clinical Carbapenemase-Producing Isolates.

Background: This study was designed to characterize the dissemination mechanism and genetic context of carbapenemase (KPC) genes in carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) isolates.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on CRKP strains isolated from a teaching hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during 2015-2017. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were used to analyze the genetic context of the gene.

Knockdown of circ_0060745 alleviates acute myocardial infarction by suppressing NF-κB activation.

It has been shown that circRNAs are involved in the development of heart diseases. However, few studies explored the role of circRNAs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study aims to investigate the role of circ_0060745 in the pathogenesis of AMI.

Analysis of Resistance to Florfenicol and the Related Mechanism of Dissemination in Different Animal-Derived Bacteria.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become an important concern for public health. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics and the distribution of the florfenicol-related resistance genes in bacteria isolated from four farms. A total of 106 florfenicol-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were examined for florfenicol-related resistance genes, and the positive isolates were further characterized.

Determining the Genetic Characteristics of Resistance and Virulence of the "Epidermidis Cluster Group" Through Pan-Genome Analysis.

, and belong to the "Epidermidis Cluster Group" (ECG) and are generally opportunistic pathogens. In this work, whole genome sequencing, molecular cloning and pan-genome analysis were performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of the resistance, virulence and genome structures of 69 ECG strains, including a clinical isolate ( SY333) obtained in this work. Two resistance genes ( and ) encoded on the plasmids pSY333-41 and pSY333-45 of SY333 were confirmed to be functional.

OXA-830, a Novel Chromosomally Encoded Extended-Spectrum Class D β-Lactamase in .

The diversity of class D β-lactamases mediating resistance to β-lactams has been increasingly reported recently. In this study, a novel class D oxacillinase named OXA-830 was identified in a fully sequenced strain, which was isolated from sewage discharged from a farm in southern China. OXA-830 shares the highest amino acid identity of 79.

Transcriptome sequencing of a toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia mikimotoi subjected to stress from solar ultraviolet radiation.

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a stress factor in aquatic environments and may act directly or indirectly on orgnisms in the upper layers of the water column. However, UVR effects are usually species-specific and difficult to extrapolate. Here we use the HAB-forming, toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi (which was found to be relatively resistant in previous studies) to investigate its transcriptional responses to a one-week UVR exposure.