Unveiling the impact of low-molecular-weight organic acids on enrofloxacin sorption in North China agricultural soil: Insights and implications.

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) play a crucial role as components of dissolved organic matter in soil, influencing the sorption/desorption, degradation, and plant uptake of diverse pollutants within the agricultural soil ecosystem. This study delves into the sorption behavior and mechanism of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) on agricultural soil in North China, focusing on the impact of LMWOAs. Through batch equilibrium experiments, we explored the sorption/desorption kinetics of ENR under varying conditions such as temperature, pH, ion strength, and ion type, with the addition of acetic acid, oxalic acid, and citric acid individually.

Adaptive haze pixel intensity perception transformer structure for image dehazing networks.

In the realm of deep learning-based networks for dehazing using paired clean-hazy image datasets to address complex real-world haze scenarios in daytime environments and cross-dataset challenges remains a significant concern due to algorithmic inefficiencies and color distortion. To tackle these issues, we propose SwinTieredHazymers (STH), a dehazing network designed to adaptively discern pixel intensities in hazy images and compute haze residue for clarity restoration. Through a unique three-branch design, we hierarchically modulate haze residuals by leveraging the global features brought by Transformer and the local features brought by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which has led to the algorithm's widespread applicability.

Exploring the sorption/desorption of nitenpyram in loess soils: implications for neonicotinoid fate and ecological risk assessment.

Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides that accumulate in various environmental matrixes and potentially harm non-target organisms. However, the mechanism of sorption/desorption of neonicotinoids in different loess soils remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the sorption/desorption of nitenpyram (NIT), a commonly used neonicotinoid, in three different types of loess soils and examined factors influencing the adsorption process using batch experiments.

Adsorption/desorption of enrofloxacin in farmland soil as the effect of pH and coexisting ions: implications for enrofloxacin fate and risk in loess soil.

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been extensively used in clinical treatments for human and animal diseases. However, their long-term presence in the environment increases the risk of producing resistance genes and creates a potential threat to ecosystems and the health of humans and animals. Batch equilibrium experiments were utilized to investigate the adsorption and retention behavior and mechanism of the quinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) in farmland soil in North China.

Using In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study Strong Metal-Support Interactions in Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Precisely controlling the microstructure of supported metal catalysts and regulating metal-support interactions at the atomic level are essential for achieving highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts. Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) not only stabilizes metal nanoparticles and improves their resistance to sintering but also modulates the electrical interaction between metal species and the support, optimizing the catalytic activity and selectivity. Therefore, understating the formation mechanism of SMSI and its dynamic evolution during the chemical reaction at the atomic scale is crucial for guiding the structural design and performance optimization of supported metal catalysts.

Inhaled heparin: Past, present, and future.

While heparin has traditionally served as a key anticoagulant in clinical practice for nearly a century, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in its role as a potent antiinflammatory and antiviral agent, as well as an anticancer agent. To address challenges with injection-based delivery, exploring patient-friendly routes such as oral and pulmonary delivery is crucial. This review specifically highlights the multiple therapeutic benefits of inhaled heparin.

The lncRNA MEG3/miRNA-21/P38MAPK axis inhibits coxsackievirus 3 replication in acute viral myocarditis.

Evidence is emerging on the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulatory factors in a variety of viral infection processes, but the mechanisms underlying their functions in coxsackievirus group B type3 (CVB3)-induced acute viral myocarditis have not been explicitly delineated. We previously demonstrated that CVB3 infection decreases miRNA-21 expression; however, lncRNAs that regulate the miRNA-21-dependent CVB3 disease process have yet to be identified. To evaluate lncRNAs upstream of miRNA-21, differentially expressed lncRNAs in CVB3-infected mouse hearts were identified by microarray analysis and lncRNA/miRNA-21 interactions were predicted bioinformatically.

Beyond Residence: A Mobility-based Approach for Improved Evaluation of Human Exposure to Environmental Hazards.

Standard environmental hazard exposure assessment methods have been primarily based on residential places, neglecting individuals' hazard exposures due to activities outside home neighborhood and underestimating peoples' overall hazard exposures. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel mobility-based index for the hazard exposure evaluation. Using large-scale human mobility data, we quantify the extent of population dwell time in high environmental hazard places in 239 US counties for three environmental hazards.

Action recognition for sports combined training based on wearable sensor technology and SVM prediction.

In the field of sports, coaches have mainly relied on observing the performance of athletes on the spot to formulate suitable training plans for athletes, which has extremely high requirements for the professionalism of coaches. Based on the above requirements, this paper designs a sports action recognition system for sports enthusiasts based on the SVM algorithm optimization model, and for the purpose of verifying the applicability of the system to different sports fields, experiments are carried out on basketball actions and race walking actions. The system uses wearable sensors to capture the motion data of the user, and then analyzes and identifies the user's actions through the SVM algorithm optimization model.

Potent NKT cell ligands overcome SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion to mitigate viral pathogenesis in mouse models.

One of the major pathogenesis mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 is its potent suppression of innate immunity, including blocking the production of type I interferons. However, it is unknown whether and how the virus interacts with different innate-like T cells, including NKT, MAIT and γδ T cells. Here we reported that upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, invariant NKT (iNKT) cells rapidly trafficked to infected lung tissues from the periphery.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of National Traditional Sports Cultural Heritage Based on Feature Clustering and Artificial Intelligence.

The development of three-dimensional reconstruction technology with cultural heritage in traditional sports allows an accurate portrayal of this aspect of life. Cultural heritage can be documented, recovered, and shown with the tools and techniques. It is an important aspect of self-determination and the ability of marginalized groups to engage in social and cultural life fully.

Invariant natural killer T cells minimally influence gut microbiota composition in mice.

Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional T cells that respond to glycolipid antigens found in microbes in a CD1d-dependent manner. iNKT cells exert innate-like functions and produce copious amounts of cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxic molecules within only minutes of activation. As such, iNKT cells can fuel or dampen inflammation in a context-dependent manner.

Engineered coxsackievirus B3 containing multiple organ-specific miRNA targets showed attenuated viral tropism and protective immunity.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can cause viral myocarditis, pancreatitis, and aseptic meningitis. This study aimed to construct an engineered CVB3 harboring three different tissue-specific miRNA targets (CVB3-miR3*T) to decrease the virulence of CVB3 in muscles, pancreas, and brain. CVB3-miR3*T and CVB3-miR-CON (containing three sequences not found in the human genome) were engineered and replicated in HELA cells.

The fine-scale associations between socioeconomic status, density, functionality, and spread of COVID-19 within a high-density city.

Background: Motivated by the need for precise epidemic control and epidemic-resilient urban design, this study aims to reveal the joint and interactive associations between urban socioeconomic, density, connectivity, and functionality characteristics and the COVID-19 spread within a high-density city. Many studies have been made on the associations between urban characteristics and the COVID-19 spread, but there is a scarcity of such studies in the intra-city scale and as regards complex joint and interactive associations by using advanced machine learning approaches.

Methods: Differential-evolution-based association rule mining was used to investigate the joint and interactive associations between the urban characteristics and the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 confirmed cases, at the neighborhood scale in Hong Kong.

Cost-Sensitive Siamese Network for PCB Defect Classification.

After the production of printed circuit boards (PCB), PCB manufacturers need to remove defected boards by conducting rigorous testing, while manual inspection is time-consuming and laborious. Many PCB factories employ automatic optical inspection (AOI), but this pixel-based comparison method has a high false alarm rate, thus requiring intensive human inspection to determine whether alarms raised from it resemble true or pseudo defects. In this paper, we propose a new cost-sensitive deep learning model: cost-sensitive siamese network (CSS-Net) based on siamese network, transfer learning and threshold moving methods to distinguish between true and pseudo PCB defects as a cost-sensitive classification problem.

Examining the diffusion of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in a metropolis: a space syntax approach.

Background: The urban built environment (BE) has been globally acknowledged as one of the main factors that affects the spread of infectious disease. However, the effect of the street network on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence has been insufficiently studied. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes COVID-19, is far more transmissible than previous respiratory viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which highlights the role of the spatial configuration of street network in COVID-19 spread, as it is where humans have contact with each other, especially in high-density areas.

The protective role of microRNA-21 against coxsackievirus B3 infection through targeting the MAP2K3/P38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Background: The P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an essential role in CVB3-induced diseases. We previously demonstrated microRNA-21 has potential inhibitory effect on the MAP2K3 which locates upstream of P38 MAPK and was upregulated in mouse hearts upon CVB3 infection. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of miRNA-21 on CVB3 infection remain unclear.

Plasma interleukin-37 is increased and inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-37 has emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine that play an immunosuppressive role in regulating inflammatory response. This study aimed to measure IL-37 levels in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), and to establish the correlation between IL-37 levels and disease activity, laboratory parameters and inflammatory cytokines.

Methods: The mRNA levels of IL-37 in PBMCs and plasma IL-37 concentrations in 46 sJIA patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.

Plasma miR-26a as a Diagnostic Biomarker Regulates Cytokine Expression in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective: We sought to identify specific microRNA (miRNA) for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and to determine the involvement of these miRNA in regulating the expression of cytokines.

Methods: Microarray profiling was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNA in sJIA plasma. Levels of candidate miRNA and mRNA were assessed by real-time PCR, and cytokines were measured by ELISA.

Coxsackievirus B3 induces autophagy in HeLa cells via the AMPK/MEK/ERK and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.

In a previous study, the number of autophagosomes increased after coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. However, the exact mechanism by which CVB3 regulates the number of autophagosomes is unclear. Earlier studies have found that infection with CVB3 activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).

Differential plasma microRNAs expression in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objectives: To identify potential novel biomarkers for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), we evaluated the correlation between plasma expression levels of specific miRNAs and disease characteristics of JIA.

Methods: Differentially expressed miRNAs in JIA plasma were identified by microarray analysis. Five candidate plasma miRNAs with differential expression were further evaluated by qRT-PCR.

Antinuclear antibody-positive cohort constitutes homogeneous entity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: To identify a homogeneous entity for antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive patients suffering from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: All of the clinical features were recorded retrospectively. ANA positivity was defined as more than twice positive results at a titer of > 1:100.