Association between serum chloride levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate among US adults: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.

Purpose: Chloride, the predominant anion in extracellular fluid from humans, is essential to maintaining homeostasis. One important metric for thoroughly assessing kidney function is the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, the relationship between variations in serum chloride concentration and eGFR in general populations has been poorly studied.

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Resveratrol Are Used for Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy.

Objective: The characteristics of poor pharmacokinetics, stability, and low solubility seriously limited the clinical application of resveratrol (Res) in breast cancer. Thus, this study intends to develop a delivery system for Res which could be better used in breast cancer therapy.

Methods: Resveratrol-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-Res) were chemically constructed.

Mendelian randomization study of circulating lipids and biliary tract cancer among East Asians.

Background: Associations of High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (CHL), and triglyceride (TRG) concentrations with risk of biliary tract cancer (BtC) were conflicting in observational studies. We aim to investigate the causal link between circulating lipids and BtC using genetic information.

Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the four circulating lipids (n = 34,421) and BtC (418 cases and 159,201 controls) were retrieved from two independent GWAS studies performed in East Asian populations.

KIF15 knockdown suppresses gallbladder cancer development.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is commonly regarded as one of the most lethal malignant tumor types with poor prognosis. Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) is reported to be tightly related with progression of multiple cancer types which, however, has not been clarified in GBC so far. KIF15 was significantly up-regulated in clinical GBC tissues compared with that in para-carcinoma tissues and the expression level was also correlated with tumor malignancies.

Synthesis of iridium-based nanocomposite with catalase activity for cancer phototherapy.

The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted attention due to its enhanced tumor therapy effect. This study proposes a novel nanoenzyme-based theranostic nanoplatform, IrO@MSN@PDA-BSA(Ce6), for the combined PTT and PDT of tumors. IrO was prepared by a simple hydrolysis method and coated with a thin layer of mesoporous silica (MSN) to facilitate the physical adsorption of Chlorin e6 (Ce6).

Micro-RNA-451 Reduces Proliferation of B-CPAP Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells by Downregulating Expression of Activating Transcription Factor 2.

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel biomarkers that are important in tumorigenesis and cancer treatment resistance. miR-451 is expressed in human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and is associated with tumor progression. This study investigated the molecular mechanism associated with the effects of miR-451 on B-CPAP human PTC cells in vitro.

Prognostic significance of regional lymphadenectomy in T1b gallbladder cancer: Results from 24 hospitals in China.

Background: Whether regional lymphadenectomy (RL) should be routinely performed in patients with T1b gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains a subject of debate.

Aim: To investigate whether RL can improve the prognosis of patients with T1b GBC.

Methods: We studied a multicenter cohort of patients with T1b GBC who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2016 at 24 hospitals in 13 provinces in China.

Protocol for a gallbladder cancer registry study in China: the Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) study.

Introduction: Gallbladder cancer (GBC), the sixth most common gastrointestinal tract cancer, poses a significant disease burden in China. However, no national representative data are available on the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of GBC in the Chinese population.

Methods And Analysis: The Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC) study is a multicentre retrospective registry cohort study.

miR-21 modulates cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Resistance to cisplatin (DDP) remains a major obstacle in the control of gastric cancer (GC) progression. A previous study revealed that microRNA-21 (miR-21) contributes to DDP resistance in GC cells via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The aim of the current study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective function of miR-21.

MicroRNA‑424 suppresses the proliferation of hemangioma‑derived endothelial cells by targeting VEGFR‑2.

Hemangioma (HA) is a type of benign tumor common in infancy. The main feature of HA is the abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. To date, the pathogenesis of HA remains unclear.

Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a novel target of miR-4455, promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which play important roles in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Expression profiling of miRNAs in paired gastric cancer and adjacent normal gastric tissues has demonstrated that miR-4455 is down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues, but its functional role in the carcinogenesis of GC had not previously been investigated.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional and biological mechanisms of miR-4455 in the progression of GC, in vitro.

MicroRNA-451 as a prognostic marker for diagnosis and lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background And Objective: To investigate the diagnostic potentials of microRNA-451(miR-451) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) diagnosis and lymph node (LN) metastasis, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens corresponding to PTC tumors (n= 60) and their normal counterparts (Normal tissues Adjacent to Tumor, NAT, n= 60), along with sera from PTC patients with malignant tumors (n= 70) and benign lesions (n= 70) were analyzed for the expression of miR-451 by real-time PCR.

Methods: The usefulness of miR-451 expression as a prognostic marker for diagnosis of PTC malignancies was evaluated by Receiver Operating Curve (ROC). We reported that when compared to those in NAT, the levels of miR-451 in FFPE tissues from various stages of PTC patients (n= 60) were significantly lower (Mean ± SEM; 12.

Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 promotes cell growth and is targeted by microRNA-195-5p in human colorectal cancer.

The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we show that coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 is frequently upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and promotes cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Using bioinformatics-based prediction and luciferase reporter system, we found that coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 is post-transcriptionally targeted by microRNA-195-5p in colorectal cancer.

Down-regulation of dihydrofolate reductase inhibits the growth of endothelial EA.hy926 cell through induction of G1 cell cycle arrest via up-regulating p53 and p21(waf1/cip1) expression.

Folic acid supplementation may meliorate cardiovascular disease risk by improving vascular endothelial structure and function. However, the underlying mechanisms are still lack of a global understanding. To be used, folic acid must be converted to 7,8-dihydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase to generate one-carbon derivatives serving as important cellular cofactors in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids required for cell growth.

Bowel obstruction secondary to incarcerated obturator hernia.

Background/objective: Obturator hernia is rare type of abdominal hernia and its diagnosis usually is made intraoperatively for bowel obstruction or computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen. The aim of this study was to review patient's records with respect to clinical manifestation, CT scan findings, and operative outcomes.

Methods: From April 2009 to January 2015, six female patients with incarcerated obturator hernia underwent urgent operation for acute intestinal obstruction.

A novel class I histone deacetylase inhibitor, I-7ab, induces apoptosis and arrests cell cycle progression in human colorectal cancer cells.

Epigenetic mutations are closely associated with human diseases, especially cancers. Among them, dysregulations of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are commonly observed in human cancers. Recent years, HDAC inhibitors have been identified as promising anticancer agents; several HDAC inhibitors have been applied in clinical practice.

Protective effects of Radix Astragali injection on multiple organs of rats with obstructive jaundice.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of Radix Astragali Injection on multiple organs of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ).

Methods: A total of 180 rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated, model control and treated groups (60 in each group). On 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after operation, the serum contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), r-glutamyl transpeptidase (r-GT), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CREA) were determined.

Photodynamic therapy-mediated cancer vaccination enhances stem-like phenotype and immune escape, which can be blocked by thrombospondin-1 signaling through CD47 receptor protein.

Like most of the strategies for cancer immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy-mediated vaccination has shown poor clinical outcomes in application. The aim of this study is to offer a glimpse at the mechanisms that are responsible for the failure based on cancer immuno-editing theory and to search for a positive solution. In this study we found that tumor cells were able to adapt themselves to the immune pressure exerted by vaccination.

Transcystic approach to laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

Background And Objectives: One-stage laparoscopic management for common bile duct stones in patients with gallbladder stones has gained wide acceptance. We developed a novel technique using a transcystic approach for common bile duct exploration as an alternative to the existing procedures.

Methods: From April 2010 to June 2012, 9 consecutive patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis and common bile duct stones were enrolled in this study.

Hypericin-based Photodynamic Therapy Induces a Tumor-Specific Immune Response and an Effective DC-based cancer Immunotherapy.

In our study, we find that photodynamic therapy (PDT), which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) -mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to inflict trauma in the targeted lesion, can break the balance between membrane damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and integrin-associated protein (CD47). The imbalance undermines the ability of lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells to escape immune attack by increasing the uptake of hypericin-mediated PDT(hyp-PDT) killed lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells by homologous dendritic cells (DCs), accompanied by phenotypic maturation (CD80, CD86, and CD40) and functional stimulation (NO, IL-10) of dendritic cells as well as subsequent T-cell response. Besides, C57BL/6 mice vaccinated with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with PDT-treated LLCs (PDT-DCs) or PDT-treated LLCs alone (PDT-LLCs) show potent immunity against LLC tumor.

A tissue-engineered gastric cancer model for mechanistic study of anti-tumor drugs.

The use of the traditional xenograft subcutaneous tumor model has been contested because of its limitations, such as a slow tumorigenesis, inconsistent chemotherapeutic results, etc. In light of these challenges, we aim to revamp the traditional model by employing an electrospun scaffold composed of polydioxanone, gelatin and elastin to boost the tumorigenesis. The scaffold featured a highly porous microstructure and successfully supported the growth of tumor cells in vitro without provoking apoptosis.

Clinical application of microRNA in gastric cancer in Eastern Asian area.

Recent research has shown that microRNA (miRNA), which is involved in almost every step of gastric carcinogenesis, has broad prospective application in diagnosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma. Eastern Asia (South Korea, Japan and China) has the highest incidence of gastric cancer in the world. There were 988,000 new cases of gastric cancer worldwide and 736,000 deaths in 2008.

Burn injury differentially alters whole-blood and organ glutathione synthesis rates: An experimental model.

Previous studies from our laboratories revealed a reduced rate of whole-blood (WB) glutathione (GSH) synthesis in severely burned patients. To determine whether WB GSH metabolism is an indicator of the status of GSH metabolism in one or more of the major organs, we used a burn rabbit model to determine GSH concentrations and rates of synthesis in WB, liver, lungs, kidney, and skeletal muscle. L-[1-(13)C]-cysteine was infused intravenously for 6 h in rabbits at 3 days post-burn and in sham burn controls.

Metabolic fate of extrahepatic arginine in liver after burn injury.

Increased nitrogen loss in the form of urea is a hallmark of the metabolic aberrations that occur after burn injury. As the immediate precursor for urea production is arginine, we have conducted an investigation on the metabolic fate of arginine in the liver to shed light on the metabolic characteristics of this increased nitrogen loss. Livers from 25% total surface burn (n = 8) and sham burn rats (n = 8) were perfused in a recycling fashion with a medium containing amino acids and stable isotope labeled l-[(15) N(2)-guanidino, 5,5-(2)H(2)]arginine for 120 minutes.

In vivo rabbit hindquarter model for assessment of regional burn hypermetabolism.

Severe burn injury evokes hypermetabolism and muscle wasting, despite nominally adequate nutrition. Although there is much information on whole organism and isolated tissue metabolism after burn injury, data examining regional burn hypermetabolism in vivo are lacking. Using surgically implanted (general anesthesia) regional vascular catheters and primed constant infusion of l-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine tracer, we have determined in vivo burn-induced alterations in rabbit hindquarter protein and energy metabolism.