Isolation and structure of broad SIV-neutralizing antibodies reveal a proximal helical MPER epitope recognized by a rhesus multi-donor class.

The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 envelope is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and vaccine-elicited MPER-directed antibodies have recently been reported from a human clinical trial. In this study, we sought to identify MPER-directed nAbs in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques. We isolated four lineages of SIV MPER-directed nAbs from two SIV-infected macaques.

Tailoring the Porous Structure of Carbon for Enhanced Oxidative Cleavage and Esterification of C(CO)-C Bonds.

The cleavage and functionalization of carbon-carbon bonds are crucial for the reconstruction and upgrading of organic matrices, particularly in the valorization of biomass, plastics, and fossil resources. However, the inherent kinetic inertness and thermodynamic stability of C-C σ bonds make this process challenging. Herein, we fabricated a glucose-derived defect-rich hierarchical porous carbon as a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative cleavage and esterification of C(CO)-C bonds.

Association of diabetes mellitus with long-term prognosis after ablation therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center cohort study.

Background: This study investigated the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of ablative treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: Retrospective data were collected from HCC patients who underwent ablation between January 2016 and December 2019. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes, such as overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), were compared between those with and without DM.

Triptolide exhibits dual anti-tumor effects through inhibiting autophagy and extracellular matrix activation in pancreatic cancer.

Aim: The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, characterized by abundant desmoplastic stroma, has been implicated in the failure of chemotherapy. Therefore, developing therapeutic strategies targeting tumor and stromal cells is essential. Triptolide, a natural compound derived from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has shown antitumor activity in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer.

Microbial-induced Synthesis of nano NiFe LDH for High-efficiency Oxygen Evolution.

NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) currently are the most efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline environments. However, the development of high-performance low cost OER electrocatalysts using straightforward strategies remains a significant challenge. In this study, we describe an innovative microbial mineralization-based method for in situ-induced preparation of NiFe LDH nanosheets loaded on nickel foam and demonstrate that this material serves as an efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst.

Cost-effectiveness of the addition of sintilimab as a first-line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a Chinese healthcare system perspective.

Background: The ORIENT-15 double-blind randomized controlled trial demonstrated that the addition of sintilimab to chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) resulted in better clinical outcomes. In this analysis, we sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab as a first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic OSCC from a healthcare system perspective in China.

Methods: A partitioned survival model was constructed to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing chemotherapy alone with sintilimab for locally advanced or metastatic OSCC patients.

Regio- and Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic Arylation of Racemic Allylic Carbonates with Arylboronic Acids.

Rhodium-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylic arylation of racemic alkyl- and aryl- substituted allylic carbonates with arylboronic acids using commercially available BIBOP ligand is reported. This reaction proceeds at room temperature without base or other additive to deliver allylic arylation products in excellent yields, regio- and enantioselectivity (up to 95% yield, >20:1 b/l, >99% ee). Rh/BIBOP is disclosed as an efficient catalytic system for allylic substitution reaction.

Prolonged tamoxifen treatment induces iron deposition and ferroptosis in the liver.

Tamoxifen is an inhibitor of estrogen receptors and was originally developed for breast cancer therapy. Besides, tamoxifen is widely used for Cre-estrogen receptor-mediated conditional knockout in transgenic mice. However, we found that the 3-month feeding of 0.

Nanosized κ-Carbide and B2 Boosting Strength Without Sacrificing Ductility in a Low-Density Fe-32Mn-11Al Steel.

High-performance lightweight materials are urgently needed because of energy savings and emission reduction. Here, we design a new steel with a low density of 6.41 g/cm, which is a 20% weight reduction compared to the conventional steel.

Controlled Multi-Dimensional Assembly of Calcium Carbonate Particles with Industrial By-Product Carbide Slag and CO.

The utilization of carbide slag, an industrial by-product, as a resource to prepare value-added products has a profound impact not only for sustainable synthesis and the circular economy but also for CO reduction. Herein, we report the very first example of the controlled multi-dimensional assembly of calcium carbonate particles at the micrometer scale with industrial by-product carbide slag and CO. Calcium carbonate particles of distinctly different sizes, shapes, and morphologies are obtained by finely tuning the assembly conditions.

Tenofovir vs. Entecavir on the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients after liver resection: the role of HBsAg levels.

Background: Our study aimed to explore whether hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels affected the role of nucleot(s)ide analog treatment (entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF)) in improving the prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after liver resection.

Methods: A total of 865 HBV-related HCC patients after hepatectomy treated with TDF or ETV were included in our study. Patients were divided into the high HBsAg cohort (n=681) and the low HBsAg cohort (n=184).

Mortality and Survival Analysis in Patients With Cancer Occurrence After Sjögren's Syndrome: A Long-Term Cohort Study in China.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mortality, survival rates, and prognostic indicators of cancer occurrence after Sjögren's syndrome (SS-CA).

Methods: The medical records of patients with SS-CA at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between January 2010 and August 2022 were retrieved. Clinical data and survival outcomes were compared to controls.

Molecular and biochemical evolution of casbene-type diterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in rice.

Casbene and neocembrene are casbene-type macrocyclic diterpenes; their derivatives play significant roles in plant defense and have pharmaceutical applications. We had previously characterized a casbene synthase, TERPENE SYNTHASE 28 (OsTPS28), in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the mechanism of neocembrene biosynthesis in rice remained unclear.

Environmental applications of metal-organic framework-based three-dimensional macrostructures: a review.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold considerable promise for environmental remediation owing to their exceptional performance and distinctive structure. Nonetheless, the practical implementation of MOFs encounters persistent technical hurdles, notably susceptibility to loss, challenging recovery, and potential environmental toxicity arising from the fragility, insolubility, and poor processability of MOFs. MOF-based three-dimensional macrostructures (3DMs) inherit the advantageous attributes of the original MOFs, such as ultra-high specific surface area, tunable pore size, and customizable structure, while also incorporating the intriguing characteristics of bulk materials, including hierarchical structure, facile manipulation, and structural flexibility.

Room-Temperature Magnetic Antiskyrmions in Canted Ferrimagnetic CoHo Alloy Films.

Magnetic antiskyrmions, the anti-quasiparticles of magnetic skyrmions, possess alternating Bloch- and Néel-type spin spirals, rendering them promising for advanced spintronics-based information storage. To date, antiskyrmions are demonstrated in a few bulk materials featuring anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and a limited number of artificial multilayers. Identifying novel film materials capable of hosting isolated antiskyrmions is critical for memory applications in topological spintronics.

Valence Electron: A Descriptor of Spinel Sulfides for Sulfur Reduction Catalysis.

Catalysts are essential for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. The precise design and regulation of catalytic sites to strengthen their efficiency and robustness remains challenging. In this study, spinel sulfides and catalyst design principles through element doping are investigated.

Functional response of two Mesocomys species on factitious host Antheraea pernyi and their biocontrol potential against the Japanese giant silkworm Caligula japonica.

Background: The Japanese giant silkworm (JGS) Caligula japonica is a significant defoliator pest in East Asia, causing severe economic losses in forest and fruit production. To establish a cost-effective biological control program against JGS, the age-stage, two-sex life table method was used to accurately assess the potential efficacy of two Mesocomys species (M. albitarsis and M.

New insights into the role of complement system in colorectal cancer (Review).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. With the growing understanding of immune regulation in tumors, the complement system has been recognized as a key regulator of tumor immunity. Traditionally, the complement cascade, considered an evolutionarily conserved defense mechanism against invading pathogens, has been viewed as a crucial inhibitor of tumor progression.

Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of the impact of iodine‑125 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer‑related mortality and morbidity worldwide. While iodine‑125 (I) particle brachytherapy has been extensively used in the clinical treatment of various types of cancer, the precise mechanism underlying its effectiveness in treating HCC remains unclear. In the present study, MHCC‑97H cells were treated with I, after which, cell viability and proliferation were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‑8, 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine and colony formation assays, cell invasion and migration were evaluated using wound healing and Transwell assays, and cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry.

The Financial Impact of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes on Patients in the United States in 2022.

Objective: To determine the financial impact of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) on patients in the United States by examining the medical expenses incurred by patients.

Patients And Methods: We used a convenience sample approach and disseminated a self-reported survey questionnaire to individuals with EDS via patient advocacy organizations and support groups across the country, social media, and health professionals from April 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. The survey focused on the out-of-pocket medical expenses incurred by patients.

The elderly population's social networks and HIV perceptions: Evidence from China.

Background: Previous studies have found that people with low participation in social activities and living alone were prone to have risky sexual behaviors, while people with high participation in social activities were less prone to have risky sexual behaviors. Based on the above assumptions, we conducted an analysis on elderly population's social networks and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risky behaviors in China. In the survey study, considering the sensitivity of sexual behavior, HIV risk behavior of the elderly population is more difficult to measure, so the intermediate variable of HIV perceptions was used instead of the sexual behavioral variable.

Late-stage C-H trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones using masked trifluoroacyl reagents.

A strategy for trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones has been investigated. This strategy employs masked trifluoroacyl reagents to obtain trifluoroacetylated quinoxaline-2(1)-ones under metal-, catalyst-, and light-free conditions. This approach is distinguished by its functional group compatibility and tolerance, as well as the simplicity of the experimental process, making it suitable for gram-scale synthesis.

Renoprotective effects of dulaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, involving regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.

Aims: To assess the renoprotective effects of dulaglutide and identify mechanisms of action in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Materials And Methods: Outpatients/ambulant patients at the Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between October 2021 and July 2023, with type 2 diabetes and DKD, a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 3 mg/mmol and who were receiving hypoglycemic agents were prescribed dulaglutide at a dose rate of 0.75 - 1.

Flexible Morphological Regulation of Photothermal Nanodrugs: Understanding the Relationship between the Structure, Photothermal Effect, and Tumoral Biodistribution.

The morphology of nanodrugs is of utmost importance in photothermal therapy because it directly influences their physicochemical behavior and biological responses. However, clarifying the inherent relationship between morphology and the resultant properties remains challenging, mainly due to the limitations in the flexible morphological regulation of nanodrugs. Herein, we created a range of morphologically controlled nanoassemblies based on poly(ethylene glycol)--poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PLA) block copolymer building blocks, in which the model photosensitizer phthalocyanine was incorporated.

Oxygen reduction reaction kinetics of platinum-based catalysts under stress induction.

The ORR kinetic optimization for PtNi and PtPb catalysts is conferred by stress induction. First principles calculation shows the cleavage barrier reduction of the key intermediate *OOH to 28.48 and 0 kJ mol, respectively.