Ginsenoside Rf in wild ginseng adventitious roots extract inhibits melanogenesis via cAMP/PKA and NO/cGMP signalling pathways in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and zebrafish.

The scarcity of more effective wild ginseng has severely limited its use, culturing of adventitious roots from wild ginseng were its good substitute. In this study, we found ginsenoside Rf as the special component in adventitious roots extract significantly decreased melanin levels and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells and zebrafish, and suppressed the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and melanogenic enzymes in B16F10 cells. Notably, Rf treatment of B16F10 cells led to reduced cell levels of adenosine cyclic 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), nitric oxide (NO), and guanoside cyclic 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), and reduced activities of adenylate cyclase (AC), protein kinase A (PKA), guanylate cyclase (GC), and protein kinase G (PKG), which suggest Rf anti-melanogenic activity potentially involved inhibition of AC/cAMP/PKA and NO/GC/cGMP/PKG signalling pathway.

Phenolic acids in inhibit melanin production through bidirectional regulation of melanin synthase transcription via different signaling pathways.

Background: Our previous investigation indicated that the preparation of Meyer () inhibited melanogenesis. It comprised salicylic acid (SA), protocatechuic acid (PA), -coumaric acid (-CA), vanillic acid (VA), and caffeic acid (CA). In this investigation, the regulatory effects of phenolic acid monomers on melanin production were assessed.

Panax ginseng Meyer cv. Silvatica phenolic acids protect DNA from oxidative damage by activating Nrf2 to protect HFF-1 cells from UVA-induced photoaging.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Long-wave ultraviolet A (UVA) causes skin aging by damaging the fine structures of the skin, such as elastic fibers and collagen fibers, through oxidation. Currently, the use of plant extracts to protect skin from photoaging is a popular method. Panax ginseng C.

Screening and Research on Skin Barrier Damage Protective Efficacy of Different Mannosylerythritol Lipids.

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) may prevent skin barrier damage, although their protective mechanisms and active monomeric constituents remain unclear. Here, three MELs were extracted from cultures containing fermented olive oil then purified using silica gel-based column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. All three compounds (MEL-A, MEL-B, MEL-C) were well separated and stable, and reliable materials were used for NMR and HRESIMS chemical structure determinations and for assessing MELs' protective effects against skin damage.

Ginsenosides repair UVB-induced skin barrier damage in BALB/c hairless mice and HaCaT keratinocytes.

Background: Ginsenosides (GS) have potential value as cosmetic additives for prevention of skin photoaging. However, their protective mechanisms against skin barrier damage and their active monomeric constituents are unknown.

Methods: GS monomer types and their relative proportions were identified.

Protective effect of oligosaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer against UVB-induced skin barrier damage in BALB/c hairless mice and human keratinocytes.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Skin barrier dysfunction can lead to water and electrolyte loss, triggering homeostatic imbalances that can trigger atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis. Panax ginseng C.A.

Salicylic acid in ginseng root alleviates skin hyperpigmentation disorders by inhibiting melanogenesis and melanosome transport.

Abnormal melanogenesis and melanosome transport can cause skin pigmentation disorders that are often treated using ginseng-based formulation. We previously found that phenolic acid compounds in ginseng root could inhibit melanin production and as a skin-whitening agents. However, mechanisms of action underlying effects of ginseng phenolic acid monomers on melanogenesis remain unclear.

C. A. Meyer Phenolic Acid Extract Alleviates Ultraviolet B-Irradiation-Induced Photoaging in a Hairless Mouse Skin Photodamage Model.

Here, we evaluated the skin-protective effects of topical applications of C. A. Meyer extract (PG2) and its phenolic acid- (PA-) based components against UVB-induced skin photoaging.