Controllable topological phase transition ferroelectric-paraelectric switching in a ferromagnetic single-layer MMGeX family.

Recently, the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials has opened a new perspective for exploring topological states. However, instances of tuning topological phase transitions through ferroelectric (FE) polarization in 2D ferromagnetic (FM) materials are relatively rare. Here, we found that 11 single layer (SL) materials, named the MMGeX family, possess both FE and FM properties.

Immunological profiling for short-term predictive analysis in PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibodies, have achieved breakthrough results in improving long-term survival rates in lung cancer. Although high levels of PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden have emerged as pivotal biomarkers, not all patients derive lasting benefits, and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade remains a prevalent issue. Comprehending the immunological intricacies of lung cancer is crucial for uncovering the mechanisms that govern responses and resistance to immunomodulatory treatments.

Magnetic Second-Order Topological Insulators in 2H-Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

The transition metal dichalcogenides, 2H-VX (X = S, Se, Te), are identified as two-dimensional second-order topological insulator (SOTI) with a ferromagnetic ground state by first-principles calculations. The 2H-VX (X = S, Se, Te) materials have a nontrivial band gap in two spin channels is found and exhibit topologically protected corner states with spin-polarization. These corner states only accommodate the quantized fractional charge (e/3).