Reinforcement-Learning-Based Fixed-Time Prescribed Performance Consensus Control for Stochastic Nonlinear MASs with Sensor Faults.

This paper proposes the fixed-time prescribed performance optimal consensus control method for stochastic nonlinear multi-agent systems with sensor faults. The consensus error converges to the prescribed performance bounds in fixed-time by an improved performance function and coordinate transformation. Due to the unknown faults in sensors, the system states cannot be gained correctly; therefore, an adaptive compensation strategy is constructed based on the approximation capabilities of neural networks to solve the negative impact of sensor failures.

Sensitivity enhancement of time-gated Raman spectroscopy by reducing the systematic noise of residual fluorescence background.

Fluorescence interference is a pervasive challenge in Raman spectroscopy, often limiting its broader application. Time-gated Raman spectroscopy offers a more universal solution by temporally separating Raman signals from fluorescence; however, it faces significant challenges when dealing with samples that exhibit short fluorescence lifetimes. Achieving high time resolution to effectively distinguish these signals typically requires advanced detectors that are not only costly but also difficult to source commercially, often resulting in substantial residual fluorescence that diminishes overall signal quality.

TabDEG: Classifying differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data based on feature extraction and deep learning framework.

Traditional differential expression genes (DEGs) identification models have limitations in small sample size datasets because they require meeting distribution assumptions, otherwise resulting high false positive/negative rates due to sample variation. In contrast, tabular data model based on deep learning (DL) frameworks do not need to consider the data distribution types and sample variation. However, applying DL to RNA-Seq data is still a challenge due to the lack of proper labeling and the small sample size compared to the number of genes.

Cobalt-Doping Induced Formation of Five-Coordinated Nickel Selenide for Enhanced Ethanol Assisted Overall Water Splitting.

To overcome the low efficiency of overall water splitting, highly effective and stable catalysts are in urgent need, especially for the anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this case, nickel selenides appear as good candidates to catalyze OER and other substitutable anodic reactions due to their high electronic conductivity and easily tunable electronic structure to meet the optimized adsorption ability. Herein, an interesting phase transition from the hexagonal phase of NiSe (H-NiSe) to the rhombohedral phase of NiSe (R-NiSe) induced by the doping of cobalt atoms is reported.

Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy for electrocatalysis: challenge and opportunity.

Understanding the structure-activity relationship of catalysts and the reaction pathway is crucial for designing efficient, selective, and stable electrocatalytic systems. vibrational spectroscopy provides a unique tool for decoding molecular-level factors involved in electrocatalytic reactions. Typically, spectra are recorded when the system reaches steady states under set potentials, known as steady-state measurements, providing static pictures of electrode properties at specific potentials.

Observer-Based Neural Control of N-Link Flexible-Joint Robots.

This article concentrates on the adaptive neural control approach of n -link flexible-joint electrically driven robots. The presented control method only needs to know the position and armature current information of the flexible-joint manipulator. An adaptive observer is designed to estimate the velocities of links and motors, and radial basis function neural networks are applied to approximate the unknown nonlinearities.

Anisotropic terahertz transmission induced by the external magnetic field in LaCaMnO film.

A systemic investigation of the terahertz (THz) transmission of LaCaMnO film on the (001)-oriented NdGaO substrate under external magnetic field and low temperature have been performed. The significant THz absorption difference between the out-of-plane and the in-plane magnetic field direction is observed, which is consistent with the electrical transport measurement using the standard four-probe technique. Furthermore, we find that the complex THz conductivities can be reproduced in terms of the Drude Smith equation as the magnetic field is perpendicular to the film plane, whereas it deviates from this model when the in-plane magnetic field is applied.

High-conversion-efficiency tunable mid-infrared BaGaSe optical parametric oscillator pumped by a 2.79-μm laser.

A mid-infrared BaGaSe optical parametric oscillator with high conversion efficiency and beam quality is demonstrated, which is pumped by a 2.79-μm electro-optically Q-switched Cr, Er:YSGG laser. A pulse energy of 3.

Extraordinary Thermoelectric Performance Realized in Hierarchically Structured AgSbSe with Ultralow Thermal Conductivity.

Thermoelectric conversion from low-grade heat to electricity is regarded as the highly reliable and environmentally friendly technology in energy-harvesting area. However, how to develop efficient thermoelectric materials using a simple fabrication method is still a critical challenge in thermoelectric community. Here, we first fabricate the high thermoelectric performance of Ca-doped AgSbSe with a hierarchical microstructure using a facile approach, namely, mechanical alloying (for only 30 min) and a quick hot-pressing method.

Cell recognition based on topological sparse coding for microscopy imaging of focused ultrasound treatment.

Background: Ultrasound is considered a reliable, widely available, non-invasive, and inexpensive imaging technique for assessing and detecting the development phases of cancer; both in vivo and ex vivo, and for understanding the effects on cell cycle and viability after ultrasound treatment.

Methods: Based on the topological continuity characteristics, and that adjacent points or areas represent similar features, we propose a topological penalized convex objective function of sparse coding, to recognize similar cell phases.

Results: This method introduces new features using a deep learning method of sparse coding with topological continuity characteristics.

Optical absorption measurements of hydrogen chloride at high temperature and high concentration in the presence of water using a tunable diode laser system for application in pyrohydrolysis non-ferrous industrial process control.

A tunable diode laser (TDL) was used to measure hydrogen chloride (HCl) spectra at 5747 cm(-1) (1.74 μm) and temperatures of 25-950 °C in a quartz cell. The purpose was to evaluate the capability of monitoring HCl concentration under pyrohydrolysis conditions using a near-infrared (NIR) laser.

Ultrafast imaging of terahertz Cherenkov waves and transition-like radiation in LiNbO₃.

We use ultrafast phase-contrast imaging to directly observethe cone-like terahertz (THz) Cherenkov wave generated by optical rectification of femtosecond laser pulses focused into bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) single crystals. The transverse imaging geometry allows the Cherenkov angle, THz wave velocity, and optical pump pulse group velocity to be measured. Furthermore, transition-like THz radiation generated by the femtosecond laser pulse at the air-crystal boundary is observed.