Superoxide dismutase promotes gastric tumorigenesis mediated by and enhances resistance to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer.

() infection is the most common risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). The effect of the antioxidase manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in gastric tumorigenesis remains unclear. We explored the molecular mechanisms of links between , inflammation, and SOD2 in GC.

Targeting membrane integrity and imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase: Sanguinarine multifaceted approach against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of readily forming biofilms, which can result in life-threatening infections involving different organs. Sanguinarine are benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids extracted from the Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Papaveraceae), which have a wide range of biological activities.

Glabridin restore the sensitivity of colistin against mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli by polypharmacology mechanism.

The clinical effectiveness of colistin against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogen infections has been threatened by the emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant gene mcr-1. This development underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies that target resistance mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that glabridin can restore the sensitivity of colistin to mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (E.

Hypolipidemic sesquiterpenoids with diverse structural skeletons from the medicinal fungus Irpex lacteus.

Nine previously undescribed azulenoid-type sesquiterpenoids, including four common (1-4), four 5/6-cleaved (5-8), and one rearranged (9), were isolated from the edible-medicinal fungi Irpex lacteus. The structures of the compounds were established by combining spectroscopic methods, including integrated NMR, MS, and UV, as well as quantum C NMR and ECD calculations. All compounds exhibited a meaningful reduction in triglycerides activity.

Nesterenkonia marinintestina sp. nov., isolated from the fish intestine.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular short rod, nonspore-forming actinobacterial strain, designated GX14115, was isolated from fish intestine in Beihai City, Guangxi, China and subjected to a taxonomic polyphasic investigation. Colonies were yellow‒green, circular, smooth, central bulge, convex, opaque and 2.0-3.

A new isoflavone from the stems of How.

A preliminary screening test was performed to discover new antihyperlipidaemic active compounds from the leguminous plant How. A new compound, derris-isoflavone F (), and derrubone dimethyl ether (), a known synthetic compound of natural origin, were isolated from the stems of alongside eight recognised compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of documenting the identification of compounds - from this plant.

Celastrol Combats Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting Δ -Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase.

The emergence and rapid spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) raise a critical need for alternative therapeutic options. New antibacterial drugs and targets are required to combat MRSA-associated infections. Based on this study, celastrol, a natural product from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.

Gallic Acid Restores the Sulfonamide Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant via Polypharmaceology Mechanism.

Due to the large amount of antibiotics used for human therapy, agriculture, and even aquaculture, the emergence of multidrug-resistant () led to serious public health threats. Antibiotic-assisted strategies have emerged as a promising approach to alleviate this crisis. Here, the polyphenolic compound gallic acid was found to enhance sulfonamides against multidrug-resistant .

Tumor- and metastasis-promoting roles of miR-488 inhibition via HULC enhancement and EZH2-mediated p53 repression in gastric cancer.

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) is implicated in the development of gastric cancer (GC), which is possibly related to their roles in targeting tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting genes. Herein, the current study was intended to ascertain the function of miR-488 and its modulatory mechanism in GC. Initially, human GC cells were assayed for their in vitro malignancy after miRNA gain- or loss-of-function and RNA interference or overexpression.

Comparative Study of Pyloromyotomy and H-M Pyloroplasty in Proximal Gastrectomy for Adenocarcinoma of Esophageal-Gastric Junction.

Introduction: The incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophageal-gastric junction (AEJ) has been increasing in recent years. Esophagogastrostomy after proximal gastrectomy (PG-EG) is the most commonly used surgical method for this disease which causes a constant spasm of the pyloric sphincter by cutting the vagus nerve around the esophagus, so H-M pyloroplasty (Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty) is often operated after PG-EG to prevent delayed gastric emptying. However, H-M pyloroplasty destroys anti-reflux structure of pylorus and leads to serious bile reflux.

Neoadjuvant Intraperitoneal and Systemic Chemotherapy Versus Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy With Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, and S-1 for Gastric Cancer With Peritoneal Metastasis: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

Background: The optimal treatment for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) remains debatable. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy (NIPS) versus neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NSC) for GCPM.

Methods: Patients of GCPM received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, oxaliplatin and S-1 between January 2011 and June 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.

CircHIPK3 Promotes the Tumorigenesis and Development of Gastric Cancer Through miR-637/AKT1 Pathway.

Circular RNA is a kind of RNA with a covalently closed loop, which has a complex ability to modulate genes in the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Nevertheless, how circular RNA functions in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. The effect of circHIPK3 was studied here.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies prognostic mutational signatures in gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease, and is a leading cause of cancer deaths in Eastern Asia. Genomic analysis, such as whole-exome sequencing (WES), can help identify key genetic alterations leading to the malignancy and diversity of GC, and may help identify new drug targets.

Methods: We identified genomic alterations in a cohort of 38 GC patients, including 26 metastatic and 12 non-metastatic patients.

Comparison of Docetaxel + Oxaliplatin + S-1 vs Oxalipatin + S-1 as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

Background: What is the optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimen for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remains debatable. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of docetaxel+oxaliplatin+S-1 (DOS) vs oxaliplatin+S-1 (SOX) as NAC for LAGC.

Methods: Data of 248 LAGC patients who received either DOS or SOX as NAC in our hospital between January 2010 and January 2018 were reviewed retrospectively.

Clinical exome sequencing identified POLB c.C1002A as a possible genetic cause in a family with hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome.

This study recruited a Chinese family with hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome. To investigate the causative mutations, disease-associated exome sequencing was conducted using peripheral blood of three members with malignant disease. As a result, three variants (PLD2 c.

Phloretin flavonoid exhibits selective antiproliferative activity in doxorubicin-resistant gastric cancer cells by inducing autophagy, inhibiting cell migration and invasion, cell cycle arrest and targeting ERK1/2 MAP pathway.

Purpose: Studies have shown that Phloretin exerts anticancer effects on several types of cancer cells. Nonetheless, the anticancer effects of Phloretin have not been fully explored against the human gastric cancer cells. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the anticancer effects of Phloretin against the human gastric cancer cells.

Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Reduces Postoperative Insulin Resistance by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase after Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Postoperative insulin resistance (PIR) is a common response after colorectal surgery and an independent risk factor for recovery. Preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) has been known to reduce PIR. Herein, we investigated whether its mechanism of action involves AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mTOR/S6K1/insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) pathways.

AMPK activation suppresses mTOR/S6K1 phosphorylation and induces leucine resistance in rats with sepsis.

Although it has been known that protein synthesis is suppressed in sepsis, which cannot be corrected by leucine supplement (also known as leucine resistance), the molecular signaling mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway in sepsis-induced leucine resistance and its upstream signals, and to seek a way to correct leucine resistance in sepsis. Sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rat.

MiR-760 enhances sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine through modulating Integrin β1.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal tumor type among human diseases, with low survival rate. The investigation of potent molecular mechanisms involved in PC is still obscure owing to its drug resistance. The purpose of the present study is to disclose the underlying mechanism participating in PC progression and drug therapy, reversing the unpromising treatment outcome.

Five-long non-coding RNA risk score system for the effective prediction of gastric cancer patient survival.

The prognosis for patients with gastric cancer (GC) is usually poor, as the majority of patients have reached the advanced stages of disease at the point of diagnosis. Therefore, revealing the mechanisms of GC is necessary for the identification of key biomarkers and the development of effective targeted therapies. The present study aimed to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) prominently expressed in patients with GC.

TRIM32 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by activating β-catenin signalling in gastric cancer.

The tripartite motif (TRIM) family comprises more than 70 members involved in the regulation of many cellular pathways. TRIM32 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and has been reported to participate in many human cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of TRIM32 in gastric cancer (GC) and the clinical implications.

Photodynamic activity of Temoporfin nanoparticles induces a shift to the M1-like phenotype in M2-polarized macrophages.

The monocyte/macrophage cell lineage reveals an enormous plasticity, which is required for tissue homeostasis, but is also undermined in various disease states, leading to a functional involvement of macrophages in major human diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer. We recently generated in vivo evidence that crystalline, nonfluorescent nanoparticles of the hydrophobic porphyrin-related photosensitizer Aluminum phthalocyanine are selectively dissolved and thus may be used for specific fluorescent labelling of rejected, but not of accepted xenotransplants. This led us to hypothesize that nanoparticles made of planar photosensitizers such as porphyrins and chlorins were preferentially taken up and dissolved by macrophages, which was verified by in vitro studies.

Chlorin Nanoparticles for Tissue Diagnostics and Photodynamic Therapy.

Background: Organic crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) are not fluorescent due to the crystalline structure of the flat molecules organized in layers. In earlier experiments with Aluminum Phthalocyanine (AlPc)-derived NPs, the preferential uptake and dissolution by macrophages was demonstrated [3]. Therefore, inflamed tissue or cancer tissue with accumulated macrophages may exhibit specific fluorescence in contrast to healthy tissue which does not fluoresce.

A cross-sectional survey of nutrition labelling use and its associated factors on parents of school students in Shanghai, China.

Objective: To understand parents' knowledge and use of nutrition labelling and to explore its associated factors.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Two schools providing a nine-year educational programme in Putuo District, Shanghai, China, were selected for the study.

SIRT6-mediated transcriptional suppression of Txnip is critical for pancreatic beta cell function and survival in mice.

Aims/hypothesis: Better understanding of how genetic and epigenetic components control beta cell differentiation and function is key to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent beta cell dysfunction and failure in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Our goal was to elucidate the role of histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in beta cell development and homeostasis.

Methods: Sirt6 endocrine progenitor cell conditional knockout and beta cell-specific knockout mice were generated using the Cre-loxP system.