Compatibility and stability of ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate injection mixed with fructose and glucose diluents and pilot study of long-term storage impurities by LC-MS/MS.

Fructose injection is occasionally used to dilute ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate injection for patients who cannot receive glucose or sodium chloride injections in clinical settings. Since our PIVAS staff reported that discoloration occurred after ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate dissolved with fructose injection, this study aims to investigate the stability of ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate in fructose and glucose solutions. Ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate was purchased and diluted with fructose or glucose injection for compatibility testing.

Early-onset intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy increased the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are two common pregnancy complications that pose considerable health challenges. The interplay between these conditions is believed to significantly influence pregnancy outcomes, yet the nature of this relationship remains elusive. This study was designed to elucidate the connection between ICP and GDM.

Liver glycogen fragility in the presence of hydrogen-bond breakers.

Glycogen, a complex branched glucose polymer, is responsible for sugar storage in blood glucose homeostasis. It comprises small β particles bound together into composite α particles. In diabetic livers, α particles are fragile, breaking apart into smaller particles in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO; they are however stable in glycogen from healthy animals.

The fragility of liver glycogen from humans with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study.

Liver glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer found as β particles (~20 nm in diameter), which can bind together into larger composite α particles. Hepatic α particles have been shown to be structurally fragile (breaking up into smaller particles in certain solvents) in mouse models of diabetes; if occurring in vivo, the resulting small glycogen particles could exacerbate the poor blood-sugar homeostasis characteristic of the disease. Here we tested if this α-particle fragility also occurred in liver glycogen obtained from humans with diabetes.

Liver fibrosis alters the molecular structures of hepatic glycogen.

Liver fibrosis (LF) leads to liver failure and short survival. Liver glycogen is a hyperbranched glucose polymer, comprising individual β particles, which can bind together to form aggregated α particles. Glycogen functionality depends on its molecular structure.

The effect of high-amylose resistant starch on the glycogen structure of diabetic mice.

Glycogen is a complex branched glucose polymer found in many tissues and acts as a blood-glucose buffer. In the liver, smaller β glycogen particles can bind into larger composite α particles. In mouse models of diabetes, these liver glycogen particles are molecularly fragile, breaking up into smaller particles in the presence of solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Glycogen structure in type 1 diabetic mice: Towards understanding the origin of diabetic glycogen molecular fragility.

Glycogen is a complex branched glucose polymer. Liver glycogen in db/db mouse, a type-2 diabetic mouse model, has been found to be more molecularly fragile than in healthy mice. Size-exclusion chromatography was employed in this study to investigate the molecular structure of liver glycogen in two types of type 1 diabetic mouse models (NOD and C57BL/6J mice), sacrificed at various times throughout the diurnal cycle, and the fragility of liver glycogen after exposure to a hydrogen-bond disruptor were tested.

Diurnal changes of glycogen molecular structure in healthy and diabetic mice.

Glycogen is a complex branched glucose polymer functioning as a blood-sugar reservoir in animals. Liver glycogen β particles can bind together to form α particles, which have a slower enzymatic degradation to glucose. The linkage between β particles in α particles in diabetic liver breaks (is fragile) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a H-bond disruptor, consistent with blood-sugar homeostasis loss in diabetes.

Relationships between protein content, starch molecular structure and grain size in barley.

Correlations among barley protein, starch molecular structure and grain size were determined using 30 barley samples with variable protein contents. Starch molecular structure was characterized by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis and by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also termed GPC). The chain-length distributions of amylopectin were fitted using a mathematical model reflecting the relative activities of starch branching enzymes and starch synthase enzymes.

Molecular Structure of Human-Liver Glycogen.

Glycogen is a highly branched glucose polymer which is involved in maintaining blood-sugar homeostasis. Liver glycogen contains large composite α particles made up of linked β particles. Previous studies have shown that the binding which links β particles into α particles is impaired in diabetic mice.