[Effects of water and nitrogen management on photosynthetic matter production and yield of wheat].

The shortage of water resources and the irrational application of nitrogen fertilizer restrict the synergistic enhancement of yield and water- and fertilizer-use efficiencies of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. In this study, we conducted an experiment following two-factor split zone design with three irrigation levels and four nitrogen application rates. The relative water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer was supplemented to 65% (W), 75% (W), and 85% (W) of field water capacity at the jointing and anthesis stages of wheat.

Pharmacokinetics, Mass Balance, and Biotransformation of [C]tinengotinib, A Novel Multi-target Kinase Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects.

Background And Objective: Tinengotinib, a novel multi-target small molecule kinase inhibitor, is currently undergoing phase II clinical trial in the USA and China. The purpose of this open-label study was to investigate the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [C]tinengotinib following a single oral dose in healthy subjects.

Methods: Six healthy male subjects received a single oral dose of [C]tinengotinib capsules at 10 mg/100 µCi, and blood, urine, and feces samples were collected.

[Effects of phosphorus application rate on distribution of C assimilates and spike formation in different til-lers of wheat with supplementary irrigation].

To clarify the appropriate rate of phosphorus application and physiological mechanism for promoting wheat tillering and efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer with supplementary irrigation, we used 'Jimai 22' wheat variety as the test material, to set up three phosphorus application treatments, including low (90 kg PO·hm, P), medium (135 kg PO·hm, P), and high (180 kg PO·hm, P) application rates, with no phosphorus application as the control (P). We increased the relative soil water content of each treatment at join-ting stage and anthesis stage to 70%, and measured the area of tiller node, the content of endogenous hormones, the number of tillers in each tiller position, photosynthetic parameters, the distribution of C assimilates in each stem and tiller, as well as the grain yield and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer. The results showed that compared with P and P treatments, P significantly increased the area of tiller node and the trans-zeatin (tZ), the photosynthetic parameters of the uppermost expanded leaves of the main stem, the total tillers per plant, and the distribution of C assimilates in each tiller.

[Effects of N, P, and K application rates on distribution of C assimilates, starch accumulation in grains and fertilizer utilization of wheat].

Clarifying the appropriate application rates of N, P, and K fertilizers and the physiological mechanisms of wheat under water-saving recharge irrigation in the North China Plain would provide a theoretical basis for formulating reasonable fertilization plans for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat production. We established four treatments with different amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (PO), and potassium (KO) application: 0, 0, and 0 kg·hm (F), 180, 75, and 60 kg·hm (F), 225, 120, and 105 kg·hm (F), and 270, 165, and 150 kg·hm (F). During the jointing and anthesis stages of wheat, the relative water content of each treatment in the 0-40 cm soil layer was replenished to 70%, to investigate the differences in wheat flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, distribution of C assimilates, grain starch accumulation, and fertilizer utilization.

[Effects of long-term positioning tillage onC assimilate distribution and grain yield formation in wheat].

To provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the high-yield and high-efficiency production of wheat, we examined the effects of different tillage patterns on wheat grain yield of Jimai 22 and the physiological mechanisms in an experiment with three treatments: 14 years in rotary tillage (R), minimal and no tillage (S), and minimal and no tillage with a 2-year subsoiling interval (SS). We assessed the light interception by wheat plant canopy, the distribution of photosynthate transport, and grain yield for the three cultivation modes. The results showed that leaf area index was significantly higher for SS treatment than the other treatments at 14-28 days after anthesis.

In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics, disposition, and drug-drug interaction potential of tinengotinib (TT-00420), a promising investigational drug for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma and other solid tumors.

Early-stage clinical evaluation of tinengotinib (TT-00420) demonstrated encouraging preliminary efficacies in multiple types of refractory cancers, including fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) inhibitors relapsed cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and HR+/HER2- breast cancer and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To further evaluate drug-like properties of the drug candidate, it is imperative to understand its metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties. This manuscript presented the investigation results of in vitro permeability, plasma protein binding, metabolic stability, metabolite identification, and drug-drug interaction of tinengotinib.

Optimized border irrigation delays winter wheat flag leaf senescence and promotes grain filling.

Border irrigation is still the main irrigation method in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC), and the suitable irrigation border length for water saving and high yield under traditional irrigation is still unclear. Therefore, a 2-year traditional border irrigation experiment (2017-2019) was conducted on the HPC. Four border lengths were tested: 20 m (L20), 30 m (L30), 40 m (L40), and 50 m (L50).

Effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and senescence of leaf and root under wide-width sowing condition.

To determine the optimal planting density under wide-width sowing condition, we investigated the effects of different planting densities on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, senescence characteristics of flag lea-ves and roots, grain yield, and water use efficiency under four planting density levels, 90×10 plants·hm (D), 180×10 plants·hm (D), 270×10 plants·hm (D) and 360×10 plants·hm (D), in field condition set in Yanzhou, Shandong during the growing season of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The results showed that compared with D and D treatments, D treatment significantly improved photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves during grain filling, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and soluble protein content, reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and delayed the senescence of flag leaves and roots. Compared with other treatments, D treatment significantly increased root length, root surface area and root volume in 0-40 cm soil layer.

Effects of nitrogen application rate on the accumulation of C assimilates after flowering and water-nitrogen use efficiency of wheat under supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture.

This study aimed to explore nitrogen fertilizer management measures to synergistically improve wheat yields and water and nitrogen use efficiency under supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture in the Huang Huai winter wheat area. Wheat variety "Yannong 1212" was used as the test material. There were three nitrogen application levels, 150 kg·hm (N), 210 kg·hm (N), and 270 kg·hm (the conventional nitrogen application rate in the Huang Huai winter wheat area, N), with the relative soil water content of 0-40 cm of each treatment was supplemented to 70% at the jointing and flowering stages.

Optimized border irrigation improved soil water content, increased winter wheat grain yield and water productivity.

Border irrigation is still the main irrigation method in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC), we aimed to find a suitable border length to reduce the quantity of irrigation water through a traditional border irrigation system to alleviate groundwater depletion. A 2-year experiment (2017-2019) was conducted with four border lengths: 20 m (L20), 30 m (L30), 40 m (L40) and 50 m (L50); supplementary irrigation was implemented during jointing and anthesis. The results showed that compared with the L20 and L30 treatments, the L40 treatment did not significantly increase the total water consumption.

Grain-filling characteristics and yield formation of wheat in two different soil fertility fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

Clarifying factors that underpinning the variation in wheat yield components between high and middle soil fertility fields is critical to increase grain production and narrow yield gap for smallholder farming systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3HP), which characterized by a large variation in soil fertility. Two-year field experiments were conducted to investigate wheat tillering, leaf photosynthesis, and grain filling characteristics in different soil fertility fields: high soil fertility field (HF) and middle soil fertility field (MF). Results showed that the spike formation rate in HF was 12.

Impacts of Fertilization Optimization on Soil Nitrogen Cycling and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization Under Water-Saving Irrigation.

Scholars have proposed the practice of split nitrogen fertilizer application (SNFA), which has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency. However, the combined effects of SNFA on wheat plant nitrogen use efficiency, ammonia (NH) emission flux, as well as the rates of nitrification and denitrification in different ecosystems remain unclear. Meanwhile, few studies have sought to understand the effects of the split nitrogen fertilizer method under water-saving irrigation technology conditions on nitrogen loss.

Differences in Water Consumption of Wheat Varieties Are Affected by Root Morphology Characteristics and Post-anthesis Root Senescence.

Selecting high-yielding wheat varieties for cultivation can effectively increase water use efficiency (WUE) in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, where is threatened by increasing water shortages. To further identify the difference in water use and its relationship with root morphology and senescence characteristics, wheat varieties with different yield potentials-Yannong 1212 (YN), Jimai 22 (JM), and Liangxing 99 (LX)-were studied in a high-yielding wheat field. The water consumption percentage (CP) in YN decreased from planting to anthesis; however, crop evapotranspiration and CP increased from anthesis to maturity compared with JM and LX.

The metabolism and excretion of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor [C] cetagliptin in healthy volunteers.

The metabolism and excretion of cetagliptin were investigated in healthy male subjects after a single oral dose of 100mg/50μCi [C] cetagliptin.The mean concentration-time profile of cetagliptin was similar to that of total radioactivity in plasma after oral administration of [C] cetagliptin in healthy male subjects. Cetagliptin was rapidly absorbed after oral administration.

Optimized nitrogen fertilizer application strategies under supplementary irrigation improved winter wheat () yield and grain protein yield.

Background: Exploring suitable split nitrogen management is essential for winter wheat production in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC) under water-saving irrigation conditions, which can increase grain and protein yields by improving nitrogen translocation, metabolic enzyme activity and grain nitrogen accumulation.

Methods: Therefore, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate these effects in HPC. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at a constant total rate (240 kg/ha), split between the sowing and at winter wheat jointing growth stage in varying ratios, N1 (0% basal and 100% dressing fertilizer), N2 (30% basal and 70% dressing fertilizer), N3 (50% basal and 50% dressing fertilizer), N4 (70% basal and 30% dressing fertilizer), and N5 (100% basal and 0% dressing fertilizer).

Optimized split nitrogen fertilizer increase photosynthesis, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation.

This study aims to investigate optimization of the basal-top-dressing nitrogen ratio for improving winter wheat grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency and physiological parameters under supplemental irrigation. A water-saving irrigation (SI) regime was established and sufficient irrigation (UI) was used as a control condition. The split-nitrogen regimes used were based on a identical total nitrogen application rate of 240 kg ha but were split in four different proportions between sowing and the jointing stage; i.

Mass balance, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous HSK3486, a novel anaesthetic, administered to healthy subjects.

Aims: This trial (NCT03751956) investigated the mass balance, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HSK3486, a novel anaesthetic, in healthy subjects.

Methods: A single dose of 0.4 mg/kg [ C]HSK3486 was administered to six healthy subjects.

Nitrogen supply modulates nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen use of wheat under supplemental irrigation in the North China Plain.

Excessive nitrogen (N) input and irrigation exacerbate N leaching in winter wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP). To explore the optimal N for better N remobilization and higher N utilization of wheat under water-saving irrigation will be conductive to less environmental contamination. A field experiment was conducted at 300 (N), 240 (N), 180 (N), and 0 (N) kg N ha of N application under supplemental irrigation (SI) that brought the relative soil water content (RSWC) to 70% at jointing and 65% at anthesis.

[Light energy utilization and distribution characteristics of flag leaf C assimilate in different spike-type wheat varieties and their responses to supplementary irrigation].

To clarify the differences in light energy utilization and distribution characteristics of flag leaf C assimilate in different spike-type wheat varieties and their responses to supplementary irrigation, we set three water treatments in a field experiment, including no irrigation during growth duration of wheat (W), water-saving irrigation (W, irrigating at jointing and anthesis of wheat to keep the relative moisture of 0-40 cm soil to 65% and 70%), full irrigation (W, irrigating at jointing and anthesis of wheat to keep the relative moisture of 0-40 cm soil to 85% and 90%) with the medium-spike wheat cultivars Jimai 22 and Qingnong 2, large-spike wheat cultivars Shannong 23 and Shannong 30 as test materials. The effects of different water treatments on canopy light energy utilization and C assimilate distribution characteristics of two spike-type wheat varieties were examined. The results showed that leaf area index, canopy light interception rate, and light energy utilization rate of the two varieties at 2, 11, 20 and 31 days after anthesis were significantly higher than W treatment, but there was no significant change in each index when the irrigation increased to W treatment.

Strip rotary tillage with a two-year subsoiling interval enhances root growth and yield in wheat.

Excessive tillage and soil compaction threaten the sustainable farmlands in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plains of China. Our study explores tillage practices to improve soil and root ecology and promote productivity in the winter wheat fields. We tested the impact of plowing, rotary, strip rotary tillage and strip rotary tillage with a two-year subsoiling interval (SRS) on wheat yield and root quality.

Radiation Interception, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Senescence of Flag leaves in Winter Wheat under Supplemental Irrigation.

Water shortage threatens agricultural sustainability in China, effective water-saving technologies urgently need to be developed. In this study, five treatments were conducted: rainfed (W0), a local supplemental irrigation (SI) practice (W1), and three treatments in which soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0-20 (W2), 0-40 (W3) and 0-60 cm (W4) soil layers. Soil water consumption in W3 had no differ with W2 but was higher than W1 and W4.

[Effects of supplemental irrigation by monitoring soil moisture on the'water-nitrogen utilization of wheat and soil NO3(-)-N leaching].

Field experiments were conducted during 2012-2014 wheat growing seasons. With no irrigation in the whole stage (WO) treatment as control, three supplemental irrigation treatments were designed based on average relative soil moisture contents at 0-140-cm layer, at jointing and anthesis stages (65% for treatment W1 ; 70% for treatment W2; 75% for treatment W3; respectively), to examine effects of supplemental irrigation on nitrogen accumulation and translocation, grain yield, water use efficiency, and soil nitrate nitrogen leaching in wheat field., Soil water consumption amount, the percentage of soil water consumption and water irrigation to total water consumption in W2 were higher, and soil water consumption of W2 in 100-140 cm soil layer was also higher.

[Effects of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture on photosynthetic characteristics and enzyme activity of flan leaf in wheat].

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture on the photosynthesis characteristics and enzyme activity of flag leaf using the wheat cultivar Jimai 20. Three irrigation treatments were designed with target soil moisture of 65% (W₆₅), 70% (W₇₀) and 75% (W₇₅) both at jointing and anthesis stages. Zero-irrigation ( CK) was used as the control.