Global, regional and national burden of decubitus ulcers in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers, pose a significant public health challenge due to their substantial impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures.

Methods: The number and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence, death, disability adjusted life-year (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) at the global, regional, and national levels were acquired from the GBD 2021 database. Trends were evaluated based on the estimated average percentage change (EAPC) of ASRs.

Nanofibrous membrane/thermoresponsive hydrogel composites with temperature-controlled capability for enhancing infected wounds healing.

As a novel treatment, photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely employed to deal with bacterial infection. Nevertheless, the high temperature in conventional PTT unavoidably results in damages to normal tissues. Herein, a nanofibrous membrane/thermoresponsive hydrogel composites (PB NCs@PLA/P(NIPAM-AM) hydrogels) with the ability to regulate heat generation are developed for the treatment of infected wound.

Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots for rapid fluorescence detection of glutathione and ascorbic acid.

A method for the specific detection of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) using 3-aminophenylboronic acid functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (APBA-MoS QDs) was reported. The APBA-MoS QDs synthesized using the hydrothermal method showed the strongest fluorescence intensity at an emission wavelength of 375 nm with the optimum excitation wavelength of 320 nm. The detection method was constructed by the combination of the dynamic and static quenching and the inner filter effect (IFE) of APBA-MoS QDs by permanganate (MnO) and the rapid redox reaction (1 min) of MnO by GSH or AA.

Electric-field assisted cascade reactions to create alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels with gradient architecture and reconfigurable mechanical properties.

Rational designs of polysaccharide-based hydrogels with organ-like three-dimensional architecture provide a great possibility for addressing the shortages of allograft tissues and organs. However, spatial-temporal control over structure in bulk hydrogel and acquire satisfied mechanical properties remain an intrinsic challenge to achieve. Here, we show how electric-field assisted molecular self-assembly can be coupled to a directional reaction-diffusion (RD) process to produce macroscopic hydrogel in a controllable manner.

Detecting Bacteria with Ultralow Concentrations by Enzymatic Cascade Reaction-Amplifying Strategy.

Bacteria can cause infectious diseases even at ultralow concentrations (<1 CFU/mL). It is important to rapidly identify bacterial contamination at ultralow concentrations. Herein, FITC-labeled gelatinase-sensitive nanoparticles (GNPs@FITCs) and NFM@GNP@FITCs are designed and fabricated as ultralow concentration bacteria detection platforms based on an enzymatic cascade reaction-amplifying strategy.

Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Single NIR Laser-Regulated Efficient PDT/PTT/Chemotherapy.

The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy with superior advantages is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, combination therapy is generally regulated by two different wavelengths of light or other stimuli, which results in complex operations and inevitable systemic side effects, even affecting therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we design a signal NIR light-regulated nanoplatform via the self-assembly process of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive prodrug (DTD), human serum albumin (HSA), and IR780 for combined photothermal/photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.

Photopolymerized multifunctional sodium alginate-based hydrogel for antibacterial and coagulation dressings.

Trauma caused by tissue damage in clinical applications has posed a serious threat to public safety. Dressings with a single function cannot meet the needs of wound healing, but multifunctional dressings are difficult to achieve and obtain. To address this issue, this research designed a facile one-pot photo-crosslinking method to prepare multifunctional sodium alginate-based hydrogel dressings for effective wound healing.

Near-IR-Regulated Composite Hydrogel with Real-Time Infection Monitoring and a Combined Antibacterial Effect for Efficient Wound Management.

Chronic wounds induced by bacterial infection have seriously affected the health of people in the world. So, it is meaningful to develop a novel strategy with real-time infection monitoring and excellent antibacterial performance for enhancing wound management. Herein, we constructed a composite hydrogel by loading the pH indicator bromothymol blue (BTB) and gold nanocages containing 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (Au NCs@AIPH) into a polyacrylamide--poly(acrylic anhydride-modified oxidized sodium alginate) (PAM--PAOSA) hydrogel.

A rapid screening platform for antibiotic susceptibility testing based on a simple colorimetric method.

Rapid screening platforms for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are important in inhibiting bacterial resistance in clinical practice. Herein, a rapid screening platform is reported for AST, which is based on nanofiber membrane enrichment bacteria-assisted cell counting Kit-8 (CCK8) colorimetry. The absorbance of CCK8 formazan has a linear relationship with the number of bacteria.

Rapid and ratiometric fluorescent detection of hypochlorite by glutathione functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots.

We proposed a rapid and ratiometric fluorescent detection method for hypochlorite by glutathione functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (G-MoS QDs). The G-MoS QDs were obtained through a hydrothermal method and the maximum fluorescence intensity was obtained at 430 nm under excitation of 360 nm. The fluorescence of G-MoS QDs at 430 nm can be weakened by curcumin through the inner filter effect, meanwhile the fluorescence of curcumin at 540 nm appeared.

NIR regulated upconversion nanoparticles@metal-organic framework composite hydrogel dressing with catalase-like performance and enhanced antibacterial efficacy for accelerating wound healing.

Developing a hydrogel dressing with excellent antibacterial efficacy for accelerating wound healing is high desirable in clinical applications. In this work, NIR regulated metal-organic framework composite hydrogel dressing was constructed for enhanced antibacterial efficacy and accelerated wound healing via the compounding between hydrogel and UCNPs@ZrMOF-Pt nanoparticles. The visible light emitted from upconvertion nanoparticles (UCNPs) activated porphyrin based metal-organic framework (MOF) in composite hydrogel to generate O for photodynamic antibacterial therapy under NIR laser irradiation.

An ionic/thermal-responsive agar/alginate wet-spun microfiber-shaped hydrogel combined with grooved/wrinkled surface patterns and multi-functions.

A dual stimuli-responsive wet-spun microfiber-shaped hydrogel is prepared by injecting a hot blend of two stimuli biopolymers alginate (i.e., ionic-responsive) and agar (i.

Ionic crosslinking of alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan fluorescent hydrogel for bacterial detection and sterilization.

Herein, a polysaccharide-based fluorescent hydrogel with multi-responsiveness simply implemented by concurrent effects of ionic crosslinking/rehydration processes is presented. Specifically, the alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan are chosen to prepare the interpenetrating polymer matrix while a pair of metal cations has been selectively sequentially integrated to alter hydrogel mechanical and fluorescent properties. Experimental results indicate the hydrogels show tunable fluorescent emission in response to multiple cations and pH conditions, and display a reversible "ON/OFF" fluorescent response to M/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

3-Aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots for fluorescent determination of hypochlorite.

A simple method is reported for hypochlorite determination based on fluorescence 3-aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (B-MoS QDs). B-MoS QDs with strong fluorescence at 380 nm have been successfully synthesized by the amidation reaction between APBA and hydrothermal MoS QDs. Hypochlorite sensing was proposed utilizing the fluorescent quenching effect of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride (TMB) on B-MoS QDs and the fast redox reaction between hypochlorite and TMB.

pH-sensitive alginate hydrogel for synergistic anti-infection.

This work designed a pH-sensitive sodium alginate hydrogel for combating bacterial infection caused by tissue damage. The antibacterial hydrogels were prepared using sodium alginate, citric acid, and vancomycin by one-step in situ method. Vancomycin (Van) was loaded into hydrogels via reversible imine bonds for controlled drug delivery.

Gelatinase-responsive photonic crystal membrane for pathogenic bacteria detection and application in vitro health diagnosis.

Selective identification and rapid detection for multiple pathogenic bacteria are important to prevent bacterial infection. Herein, gelatinase-responsive photonic crystal membrane (PCM) is reported as rapid, selective and direct detection platform for multiple pathogenic bacteria. PCMs exhibit angle-independent structural color, and reflection spectra has negligible change after irradiation and storage under different temperature.

Ascorbic acid detector based on fluorescent molybdenum disulfide quantum dots.

A rapid and facile method is reported for the detection of ascorbic acid using molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS QDs) as a fluorescence sensor. Water-soluble and biocompatible MoS QDs with the maximum fluorescence emission at 506 nm have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method and specific detection for ascorbic acid (AA) was constructed to utilize the modulation of metal ion on the fluorescence of MoS QDs and the affinity and specificity between the ligand and the metal ion. The fluorescence of MoS QDs was quenched by the irreversible static quenching of Fe through the formation of a MoS QDs/Fe complex, while the pre-existence of AA can retain the fluorescence of MoS QDs through the redox reaction between AA and Fe.

A simple colorimetric method for viable bacteria detection based on cell counting Kit-8.

In this study, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was introduced to detect the concentration of live bacteria for the first time depending on the redox reaction between CCK-8 solution and dehydrogenase. CCK-8 solution can be reduced to form water soluble orange-yellow formazan by the dehydrogenase present in bacterial cells, and the concentration of live bacteria is proportional to the absorbance value of formazan at 450 nm. Based on this principle, and were chosen as the model bacteria.

Interpenetrating polysaccharide-based hydrogel: A dynamically responsive versatile medium for precisely controlled synthesis of nanometals.

Herein, we reported an interpenetrating polysaccharide-based hydrogel in which carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) chains were physically dispersed throughout the thermoplastic elastomer gel network has been developed as a versatile platform for precisely controlled synthesis of nanometals. Results indicated the interpenetrated CMC chains could serve as multifunctional fillers for metal ions adsorption and stabilization while the thermally reconfigurable agarose (Agar) gel medium provides three-dimensional semi-solid framework for entrapping and recollecting of the fabricated nanometals. Specifically, the CMC chains were found to strongly coordinate with silver ions as a dynamically responsive metal-biopolymer complex within the bulk gel network as confirmed by the enhanced mechanical properties and regulated shape memory performances.

Nanofiber-reinforced bulk hydrogel: preparation and structural, mechanical, and biological properties.

Alginate-based hydrogels are increasingly being used as biomaterials for tissue engineering, drug carriers, and wound dressing; however, their poor mechanical strength limits their applications. Nanofiber reinforcement is an effective method for increasing the mechanical strength of hydrogels. However, the macro preparation of nanofiber-reinforced hydrogels with a bulk structure is challenging.

Wire templated electrodeposition of vessel-like structured chitosan hydrogel by using a pulsed electrical signal.

Herein, by performing a templated electrodeposition process with an oscillating electrical signal stimulation, a vessel-like structured chitosan hydrogel (diameter about 0.4 mm) was successfully prepared in the absence of salt conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that the hydrogel growth (e.

Surface Functional Nanofiber Membrane for Ultrasensitive and Naked-Eye Visualization of Bacterial Concentration.

Bacterial contamination in water is a serious health risk to human beings, so it is very important to realize the point-of-care (POC) bacterial detection in water. However, the traditional bacterial detection methods are time-consuming, professional- and equipment-dependent, and do not meet the needs of POC detection. There is a pressing need to develop a platform for POC bacterial detection to defeat the increasing risk of bacterial infections.

Silk as templates for hydroxyapatite biomineralization: A comparative study of Bombyx mori and Antheraea pernyi silkworm silks.

Silk is extensively investigated in bone tissue engineering due to its extraordinary mechanical properties and ability to regulate biomineralization. Protein templates regulate biomineralization process through chemical interaction with ions. However, the effect of structural differences in silk fibroin on biomineralization has not been studied in detail.

A multifunctional metal-biopolymer coordinated double network hydrogel combined with multi-stimulus responsiveness, self-healing, shape memory and antibacterial properties.

Outfitted with abundant hydrogen bonding and coordination active groups, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) possesses a class of naturally occurring ligands for coordination with metal ions, establishing its excellent potential for various fields. Herein, by incorporating the naturally derived CMC into a thermally reconfigurable agarose (Agar) gel medium, a novel type of metal-biopolymer coordinated double network hydrogel (DN gel) was successfully fabricated via the strong coordination interactions. The interpenetrated CMC was confirmed to retain its excellent chelating abilities within the bulk gel matrix, which resulted in a series of metal-coordinated DN gels through spontaneous self-associative complexation with metal ions such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, and Cr.

Strategy of Constructing Light-Weight and Highly Compressible Graphene-Based Aerogels with an Ordered Unique Configuration for Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors.

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogels (GAs) have attracted huge attention from researchers due to their great potential in vast applications. The hydrothermal reaction combined with freeze-drying using graphene oxide (GO) as a precursor has proven to be an effective method for obtaining relatively well-structured pure GAs. However, insufficient mechanical strength and low compressibility of the materials still limit their practical applications.