The divergent effects of G3BP orthologs on human stress granule assembly imply a centric role for the core protein interaction network.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) mediated by G3BP1/2 proteins and non-translating mRNAs mediates stress granule (SG) assembly. We investigated the phylogenetic evolution of G3BP orthologs from unicellular yeast to mammals and identified both conserved and divergent features. The modular domain organization of G3BP orthologs is generally conserved.

Rapid conversion of porcine pluripotent stem cells into macrophages with chemically defined conditions.

A renewable source of porcine macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) would be a valuable alternative to primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in the research of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms. We developed an efficient and rapid protocol, within 11 days, to derive macrophages from porcine PSCs (pPSCs). The pPSC-derived macrophages (pPSCdMs) exhibited molecular and functional characteristics of primary macrophages.

[Development of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells with a CD163 reporter system].

As main recipient cells for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) are involved in the progress of several highly pathogenic virus infections. However, due to the fact that the PAM cells can only be obtained from primary tissues, research on PAM-based virus-host interactions remains challenging. The improvement of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology provides a new strategy to develop IPSCs-derived PAM cells.

Comparative analysis of porcine iPSCs derived from Sertoli cells and fibroblasts.

Porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) can be directly reprogrammed into porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). However, the reprogramming process is generally lengthy and inefficient. Here, we established a fast and efficient induction system of piPSCs from porcine Sertoli cells (SCs) via forced expression of pig Yamanaka factors.

Super-enhancers conserved within placental mammals maintain stem cell pluripotency.

Despite pluripotent stem cells sharing key transcription factors, their maintenance involves distinct genetic inputs. Emerging evidence suggests that super-enhancers (SEs) can function as master regulatory hubs to control cell identity and pluripotency in humans and mice. However, whether pluripotency-associated SEs share an evolutionary origin in mammals remains elusive.

AXIN2 Reduces the Survival of Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (piPSCs).

The establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is critical but remains challenging. All piPSCs are extremely sensitive to minor perturbations of culture conditions and signaling network. Inhibitors, such as CHIR99021 and XAV939 targeting the WNT signaling pathway, have been added in a culture medium to modify the cell regulatory network.

Peptide-coating 2D and small chemical molecules prolong the passage of porcine spermatogonia stem cells.

Porcine spermatogonia stem cells (pSSCs) are the only type of somatic stem cell that can pass genetic information to the successive generations. Little is known about pSSCs vitality in vitro, and due to their increasing importance in stem cell research, here, we optimized a protocol to culture pSSCs and explored their potential fate in vitro. Utilizing a feeder-free culture system with a 2D peptide-coating and small chemical molecules (including CHIR99021, Repsox, vitamin C, folic acid, and CD lipid concentrate), we were able to prolong the culture time of pSSCs by at least three months compared with previous methods.

ESRRB Facilitates the Conversion of Trophoblast-Like Stem Cells From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Directly Regulating CDX2.

Porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) could serve as a great model system for human stem cell preclinical research. However, the pluripotency gene network of piPSCs, especially the function for the core transcription factor estrogen-related receptor beta (ESRRB), was poorly understood. Here, we constructed ESRRB-overexpressing piPSCs (ESRRB-piPSCs).

Histone demethylase complexes KDM3A and KDM3B cooperate with OCT4/SOX2 to define a pluripotency gene regulatory network.

The pluripotency gene regulatory network of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs), especially in epigenetics, remains elusive. To determine the biological function of epigenetics, we cultured piPSCs in different culture conditions. We found that activation of pluripotent gene- and pluripotency-related pathways requires the erasure of H3K9 methylation modification which was further influenced by mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) served feeder.

inhibits family phosphatases and activates MAPK signaling pathway to maintain pluripotency in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells.

LIN28A, an RNA-binding protein, plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the function of in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs remains unclear. Here, we explored the function of in piPSCs based on its overexpression and knockdown.

Mir-34c affects the proliferation and pluripotency of porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (piPSC)-like cells by targeting c-Myc.

MicroRNAs are important regulators in stem cells, which involve in gene regulation, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. As an important one, miR-34c participates in various processes by targeting protein-coding genes. It is generally considered as a tumor suppressor and cell adhesion inhibitor.

BCL2 enhances survival of porcine pluripotent stem cells through promoting FGFR2.

Objectives: The establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) is still a critical topic. However, all pPSCs were failed to contribute to efficient chimeric pig and were extremely sensitive to changes of culture conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of BCL2 in pPSCs and further explain the mechanism.

Landscape of RNA editing reveals new insights into the dynamic gene regulation of spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis is an important physiological process associated with male infertility. As a kind of post-transcriptional regulation, RNA editings (REs) change the genetic information at the mRNA level. But whether there are REs and what's the role of REs during the process are still unclear.

Characterization of porcine extraembryonic endoderm cells.

Objectives: To date, many efforts have been made to establish porcine embryonic stem (pES) cells without success. Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells can self-renew and differentiate into the visceral endoderm and parietal endoderm. XEN cells are derived from the primitive endoderm of the inner cell mass of blastocysts and may be an intermediate state in cell reprogramming.

Establishment of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-in System for Porcine Cells with High Efficiency.

Since the birth of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, the new genome engineering technology has become a hot topic in the scientific community. However, for swine, the system of pig cells' homology directed repair (HDR) is generally unstable and costly. Here, we aim to make knock-in of porcine cells more realizable.

SETDB1 plays an essential role in maintenance of gonocyte survival in pigs.

Histone methyltransferase SETDB1 suppresses gene expression and modulates heterochromatin formation through H3K9me2/3. Previous studies have revealed that SETDB1 catalyzes lysine 9 of histone H3 tri-methylation and plays essential roles in maintaining the survival of embryonic stem cells and spermatogonial stem cells in mice. However, the function of in porcine male germ cells remains unclear.