Neutrophil heterogeneity and aging: implications for COVID-19 and wound healing.

Neutrophils play a critical role in the immune response to infection and tissue injury. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with distinct subtypes that differ in their functional properties. Moreover, aging can alter neutrophil function and exacerbate immune dysregulation.

Tetranuclear Cu Cluster as the Ten Node Building Unit for the Construction of a Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient C H /CO Separation.

Rational design of high nuclear copper cluster-based metal-organic frameworks has not been established yet. Herein, we report a novel MOF (FJU-112) with the ten-connected tetranuclear copper cluster [Cu (PO ) (μ -H O) (CO ) ] as the node which was capped by the deprotonated organic ligand of H L (3,5-Dicarboxyphenylphosphonic acid). With BPE (1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) as the pore partitioner, the pore spaces in the structure of FJU-112 were divided into several smaller cages and smaller windows for efficient gas adsorption and separation.

Classical Dichotomy of Macrophages and Alternative Activation Models Proposed with Technological Progress.

Macrophages are important immune cells that participate in the regulation of inflammation in implant dentistry, and their activation/polarization state is considered to be the basis for their functions. The classic dichotomy activation model is commonly accepted, however, due to the discovery of macrophage heterogeneity and more functional and iconic exploration at different technologies; some studies have discovered the shortcomings of the dichotomy model and have put forward the concept of alternative activation models through the application of advanced technologies such as cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and hyperspectral image (HSI). These alternative models have great potential to help macrophages divide phenotypes and functional genes.

Solvent-Assisted Modification to Enhance Proton Conductivity and Water Stability in Metal Phosphonates.

Although proton-conductive metal phosphonates with well-defined structure offer a favorable platform for exploring their structure-property relationship, investigating of the synergic effect of phosphonate groups and functional moieties on proton conduction is rare. In this work, we have synthesized two new copper phosphonates, [Cu(4-cppH)(4,4'-bipy)(HO)] () and [Cu(4-cppH)(4,4'-bipy)]·HO·DMF (), by the method of solvent-assisted modification, giving a 1D metal coordination polymer and a 3D metal open framework, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that is full of hydrogen-bonding sites contributed from the improved synergic effect of phosphonate groups, carboxylate groups, and coordinated water molecules, thereby facilitating continuous hydrogen-bonding networks, whereas only has discrete hydrogen-bonding fragments.