The role of lncRNA NEAT1 in acute graft-versus-host disease: Regulation of macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokine secretion via JNK/NLRP3 pathway.

Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The role of macrophages as proficient antigen-presenting cells in aGVHD is a prominent area of investigation in contemporary research. The association between long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1) and the macrophage function is of significant interest.

Humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody replaces methotrexate as acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in haploidentical allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) significantly affects quality of life and outcomes in patients post-haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used to prevent aGVHD but can lead to complications like delayed haematological recovery and oral mucositis (OM). This study investigates the efficacy of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as a potential MTX alternative.

Microfluidics-based automatic immunofluorescence staining for single-molecule localization microscopy.

Full automation of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is crucial for large-scale and high-throughput cellular imaging. It is well-known that SMLM typically consists of three major steps: immunofluorescence (IF) staining, optical imaging, and image processing. Currently, automation in optical imaging and image processing is almost complete; however, the automation of IF staining has been slow to advance, probably due to its complicated experimental operations.

Real-time data processing in colorimetry camera-based single-molecule localization microscopy via CPU-GPU-FPGA heterogeneous computation.

Because conventional low-light cameras used in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) do not have the ability to distinguish colors, it is often necessary to employ a dedicated optical system and/or a complicated image analysis procedure to realize multi-color SMLM. Recently, researchers explored the potential of a new kind of low-light camera called colorimetry camera as an alternative detector in multi-color SMLM, and achieved two-color SMLM under a simple optical system, with a comparable cross-talk to the best reported values. However, extracting images from all color channels is a necessary but lengthy process in colorimetry camera-based SMLM (called CC-STORM), because this process requires the sequential traversal of a massive number of pixels.

Image stitching algorithm for super-resolution localization microscopy combined with fluorescence noise prior.

Super-resolution panoramic pathological imaging provides a powerful tool for biologists to observe the ultrastructure of samples. Localization data can maintain the essential ultrastructural information of biological samples with a small storage space, and also provides a new opportunity for stitching super-resolution images. However, the existing image stitching methods based on localization data cannot accurately calculate the registration offset of sample regions with no or few structural points and thus lead to registration errors.

Dams trigger exponential population declines of migratory fish.

The impact of dams on global migratory fish stocks is a major challenge and remains seriously underestimated. China has initiated a dozen fish rescue programs for the dams on the Yangtze River, focusing on five flagship species-Chinese sturgeon, Chinese paddlefish, Yangtze sturgeon, Chinese sucker, and . Despite 40 years of effort, these five fishes are on the verge of extinction.

Robust autofocus method based on patterned active illumination and image cross-correlation analysis.

For the effectiveness of a computer-aided diagnosis system, the quality of whole-slide image (WSI) is the foundation, and a useful autofocus method is an important part of ensuring the quality of WSI. The existing autofocus methods need to balance focusing speed and focusing accuracy, and need to be optimized separately for different samples or scenes. In this paper, a robust autofocus method based on fiber bundle illumination and image normalization analysis is proposed.

A retrospective study on adverse events of intravenous administration of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in abdominal and superficial applications in 83,778 patients.

Objectives: To investigate the rate of adverse events (AEs) caused by intravenous administration of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in abdominal and superficial applications retrospectively and to explore practical measures for prevention and treatment of them.

Materials And Methods: This study enrolled 83,778 contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles intravenously performed during 11 years. Age, gender, and target organs of all CEUS patients were recorded.

Nuclear Matrix-associated Protein SMAR1 Attenuated Acute Graft-versus-host Disease by Targeting JAK-STAT Signaling in CD4 + T Cells.

Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) mediated by alloreactive T cells remains a serious and life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The contribution of the different CD4 + T helper cell subtypes to the pathogenesis and regulation of aGVHD is a central point in current research. The specialized effector subsets of T cells that differentiate from naive T cells into mature cells are closely related to scaffold/matrix-associated region-1-binding protein (SMAR1).

Identification of two terpenoids that accumulate in Chinese water chestnut in response to fresh-cut processing.

As a form of vegetable in China, freshly cut corms of Chinese water chestnuts () are well received by consumers. Few studies have investigated the metabolites present in fresh-cut , particularly during the storage stage. Two compounds, triterpenoids and apocarotenoids, were identified in fresh-cut during the late storage period using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Prognostic value of baseline C-reactive protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker of great significance for progression and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, previous studies reported the inconsistent findings of the relationship between CRP levels and survival in DLBCL patients. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate the predictive value of baseline CRP in the prognosis of DLBCL.

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 4 Attenuates Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Experimental Asthma via Repressing Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation.

Patients with eosinophilic asthma react well to conventional treatment of asthma while individualized therapy for non-eosinophilic endotypes have yet to be developed. Dysregulated sphingosine metabolites are associated with the pathophysiology of different asthma endotypes with their receptors involved. However, whether the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4) contributes to disease progression of asthma remains underappreciated.

Field-dependent deep learning enables high-throughput whole-cell 3D super-resolution imaging.

Single-molecule localization microscopy in a typical wide-field setup has been widely used for investigating subcellular structures with super resolution; however, field-dependent aberrations restrict the field of view (FOV) to only tens of micrometers. Here, we present a deep-learning method for precise localization of spatially variant point emitters (FD-DeepLoc) over a large FOV covering the full chip of a modern sCMOS camera. Using a graphic processing unit-based vectorial point spread function (PSF) fitter, we can fast and accurately model the spatially variant PSF of a high numerical aperture objective in the entire FOV.

dSTORM-Based Single-Cell Protein Quantitative Analysis Can Effectively Evaluate the Degradation Ability of PROTACs.

As an emerging therapeutic strategy, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have been proven to be superior to traditional drugs in many aspects. However, due to their unique mechanism of action, existing methods for evaluating the degradation still have many limitations, which seriously restricts the development of PROTACs. In this methodological study, using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM)-based single-cell protein quantitative analysis, we systematically investigated the dynamic degradation characteristics of FLT3 protein during PROTACs treatment.

Lower dose of ATG combined with basiliximab for haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with effective control of GVHD and less CMV viremia.

Currently, the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consists of an immunosuppressive therapy mainly based on antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). GVHD remains a major complication and limitation to successful allogeneic haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). We modified the ATG-based GVHD prophylaxis with the addition of basiliximab in the setting of haplo-HSCT and attempted to explore the appropriate dosages.

Long noncoding RNA LINC01882 ameliorates aGVHD via skewing CD4 T cell differentiation toward Treg cells.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a severe T cell-mediated immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated and novel treatments are necessary to be developed. In the present study, we found that the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01882 decreased significantly in the peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocytes of patients with aGVHD than non-aGVHD patients. In addition, lncRNA LINC01882 overexpression promoted Treg differentiation but exhibited no effects on Th17 percentages, while its knockdown resulted in opposite effects.

Influence of drift correction precision on super-resolution localization microscopy.

Super-resolution localization microscopy (SRLM) breaks the diffraction limit successfully and improves the resolution of optical imaging systems by nearly an order of magnitude. However, SRLM typically takes several minutes or longer to collect a sufficient number of image frames that are required for reconstructing a final super-resolution image. During this long image acquisition period, system drift should be tightly controlled to ensure the imaging quality; thus, several drift correction methods have been developed.

Pushing the colorimetry camera-based fluorescence microscopy to low light imaging by denoising and dye combination.

Colorimetry camera-based fluorescence microscopy (CCFM) is a single-frame imaging method for observing multiple biological events simultaneously. Compared with the traditional multi-color fluorescence microscopy methods based on sequential excitation or spectral splitting, the CCFM method simplifies multi-color fluorescence imaging experiments, while keeping a high spatial resolution. However, when the level of the detected fluorescence signal decreases, the image quality, the demosaicking algorithm precision, and the discrimination of fluorescence channels on the colorimetry camera will also decrease.

ResNet-based image inpainting method for enhancing the imaging speed of single molecule localization microscopy.

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a mainstream method in the field of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy that can achieve a spatial resolution of 20∼30 nm through a simple optical system. SMLM usually requires thousands of raw images to reconstruct a super-resolution image, and thus suffers from a slow imaging speed. Recently, several methods based on image inpainting have been developed to enhance the imaging speed of SMLM.

Real-time image resolution measurement for single molecule localization microscopy.

Recent advancements in single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) have demonstrated outstanding potential applications in high-throughput and high-content screening imaging. One major limitation to such applications is to find a way to optimize imaging throughput without scarifying image quality, especially the homogeneity in image resolution, during the imaging of hundreds of field-of-views (FOVs) in heterogeneous samples. Here we introduce a real-time image resolution measurement method for SMLM to solve this problem.

LuckyProfiler: an ImageJ plug-in capable of quantifying FWHM resolution easily and effectively for super-resolution images.

Quantifying the resolution of a super-resolution image is vital for biologists trying to apply super-resolution microscopy in various research fields. Among the reported image resolution estimation methods, the one that calculates the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of line profile, called FWHM resolution, continues the traditional resolution criteria and has been popularly used by many researchers. However, quantifying the FWHM resolution of a super-resolution image is a time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone process because this method typically involves a manual and careful selection of one or several of the smallest structures.

PCIe-based FPGA-GPU heterogeneous computation for real-time multi-emitter fitting in super-resolution localization microscopy.

Real-time multi-emitter fitting is a key technology for advancing super-resolution localization microscopy (SRLM), especially when it is necessary to achieve dynamic imaging quality control and/or optimization of experimental conditions. However, with the increase of activation densities, the requirements in the computing resources would increase rapidly due to the complexity of the fitting algorithms, making it difficult to realize real-time multi-emitter fitting for emitter density more than 0.6 mol/µm in large field of view (FOV), even after acceleration with the popular Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computation.

Single-shot multi-color fluorescence microscopy via a colorimetry camera.

Multi-color fluorescence microscopy presents highly detailed biological samples interactively. However, current multi-color methods suffer from an intricate optical setup, complicated image analysis, or a long acquisition time. To address these issues, here we develop a simple multi-color method based on a customized colorimetry camera to enable the detection of multiple structures from single-shot acquisition.

A labeling strategy with effective preservation of fluorophores for expansion single-molecule localization microscopy (Ex-SMLM).

Expansion microscopy (ExM) significantly improves the resolution of conventional diffraction-limited optical microscopy by using physically expanding biological samples. Combining ExM with single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) could further enhance the resolving power of SMLM, which is typically in the order of 20-30 nm. However, to make this combination successful, we need to solve three key issues related to sample preparation, including mainly hydrogel shrinking in an ionic photoswitching buffer, fluorescence photobleaching due to a free-radical reaction and reduced labelling efficiency from protease digestion.