Purpose: Neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM) is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to establish a foundation for the selection of empirical antibiotics for NBM through an analysis of pathogen distribution and shift in antimicrobial resistant pattern.
Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort study on culture confirmed NBM from 2005 to 2022.
Background: Abnormal pulmonary vascular development poses significant clinical challenges for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although numerous factors have been suggested to control the development of pulmonary blood vessels, the mechanisms underlying the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process remain unclear.
Methods: A lncRNA array was used to measure the differential expression of lncRNAs in premature infants with and without BPD.
Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mediated by microglial activation, hinder the development of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and delay myelination in preterm infants, leading to white matter injury (WMI) and long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) has been reported to inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress via modulating microglial polarization in various central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between PPAR-γ and microglial polarization in neonatal WMI is not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhite matter injury (WMI), the most common type of brain damage in infants born preterm, is characterized by failure in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation and myelination, thereby contributing to long-term neurological impairments. Regrettably, effective therapies for promoting remyelination and improving function are currently lacking for this growing population affected by WMI. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF) 21 modulated microglial activation and then ameliorated brain damage and improved neurological deficits in several central nervous system diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunction for which no particularly effective treatment is available. Stem cells possess multi-directional differentiation potential and can secrete a variety of cytokines. They not only have the ability to replace tissue and repair lesions but also improve neurological damage caused by HIBD through paracrine mechanisms, including anti-apoptosis, reduction of inflammation, and promotion of endogenous repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe disease with a poor prognosis, whose clinical treatment is still limited to therapeutic hypothermia with limited efficacy. Perillyl alcohol (POH), a natural monoterpene found in various plant essential oils, has shown neuroprotective properties, though its effects on HIE are not well understood. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of POH on HIE both in vitro and in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a primary cause of neonatal death and disabilities. The pathogenetic process of HIE is closely associated with neuroinflammation. Therefore, targeting and suppressing inflammatory pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HIE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is caused by perinatal hypoxia and subsequent reductions in cerebral blood flow and is one of the leading causes of severe disability or death in newborns. Despite its prevalence, we currently lack an effective drug therapy to combat HIE. Celastrol (Cel) is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordi that can protect against oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental disorders, but currently there is no effective therapy drug for HIE. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD). Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a subtype of vitamin K2 prevalent in the brain, has been shown to enhance mitochondrial function and exhibit protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood (ANEC) is a rare, fulminant neurological disease in children with unknown mechanisms and etiology. This study summarized the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of ANEC through a retrospective analysis, providing insights into the ANEC early diagnosis and prognosis assessment.
Methods: Clinical data of children diagnosed with ANEC at the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2023, were retrospectively analyzed.
White matter injury (WMI) is one of the most serious complications associated with preterm births. Damage to oligodendrocytes, which are the key cells involved in WMI pathogenesis, can directly lead to myelin abnormalities. L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (AS-2P) is a stable form of vitamin C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study was to explore the mechanism of ferroptosis and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. The neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model was established using the Rice-Vannucci method and treated with the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1. Cognitive assessment was performed through absentee field experiments to confirm the successful establishment of the model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis multicenter retrospective study was conducted to explore the effects of different courses and durations of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) on the respiratory outcomes of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) in China. The population for this study consisted of infants with birth weight less than 1500 g needing at least 1 course of invasive MV and admitted to the neonatal intensive care units affiliated with the Chinese Neonatal Network within 6 h of life from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between invasive MV and respiratory outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a perinatal brain disease caused by hypoxia in neonates. It is one of the leading causes of neonatal death in the perinatal period, as well as disability beyond the neonatal period. Due to the lack of a unified and comprehensive treatment strategy for HIE, research into its pathogenesis is essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) therapies have shown prospects in preclinical models of pathologies relevant to neonatal medicine, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been recognized as one of the most promising stem cell sources. Autophagy plays a key role in regulating intracellular conditions, maintaining cell growth and development, and participating in the pathogenesis of BPD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReperfusion is an essential pathological stage in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Although the Rice-Vannucci model is widely used in HIE research, it remains difficult to replicate HIE-related reperfusion brain injury. The purpose of this study is to establish a rat model of hypoxia ischemia reperfusion brain damage (HIRBD) using a common carotid artery (CCA) muscle bridge in order to investigate the mechanisms of cerebral resistance to hypoxic-ischemic and reperfusion brain damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Evid Based Med
September 2023
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, which is important in noninvasive respiratory support, is increasingly being used in critically ill neonates with respiratory failure because it is comfortable, easy to setup, and has a low incidence of nasal trauma. The advantages, indications, and risks of HFNC have been the focus of research in recent years, resulting in the development of the application. Based on current evidence, we developed guidelines for HFNC in neonates using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a special type of fat tissue in mammals and is also a key endocrine organ in the human body. Batokine, the endocrine effector of BAT, plays a neuroprotective role and improves the prognosis by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as by improving vascular endothelial function and other mechanisms in nerve injury diseases. The present article briefly reviewed several types of batokines related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
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