Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Patients With Disorders of Consciousness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: The aims of this study are to evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation for improving disorders of consciousness and to compare efficacy of the different etiologies of disorders of consciousness.

Design: Randomized controlled trials or crossover trials examining effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with disorders of consciousness were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The sample characteristics, etiology, transcranial direct current stimulation treatment characteristics, and outcomes were extracted.

Effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on upper-limb movements in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) is an effective technique extensively used to alleviate lower-limb bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, RAS effects on upper-limb bradykinesia have not been well studied. This study investigated immediate effects of RAS on upper-limb movements in PD patients and healthy people.