Nano-drug delivery system for the treatment of multidrug-resistant breast cancer: Current status and future perspectives.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Chemotherapy continues to be the treatment of choice for clinically combating it. Nevertheless, the chemotherapy process is frequently hindered by multidrug resistance, thereby impacting the effectiveness of the treatment.

Surface Engineering of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Diagnostics and Drug Delivery.

Data published in 2020 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization show that breast cancer (BC) has become the most common cancer globally, affecting more than 2 million women each year. The complex tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis constitute the primary challenges in the current diagnosis and treatment of BC. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) have emerged as a promising nanoplatform for diagnostic tumor imaging as well as therapeutic drug-targeted delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties.

Isolevuglandins Promote Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Electrophysiologic Abnormalities in Atrial Cardiomyocytes.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the AF substrate remain unclear. Isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are highly reactive lipid dicarbonyl products that mediate oxidative stress-related injury. In murine hypertension, the lipid dicarbonyl scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) reduced IsoLGs and AF susceptibility.

LNK/SH2B3 loss of function increases susceptibility to murine and human atrial fibrillation.

Aims: The lymphocyte adaptor protein (LNK) is a negative regulator of cytokine and growth factor signalling. The rs3184504 variant in SH2B3 reduces LNK function and is linked to cardiovascular, inflammatory, and haematologic disorders, including stroke. In mice, deletion of Lnk causes inflammation and oxidative stress.

Trends and drivers of aerosol vertical distribution over China from 2013 to 2020: Insights from integrated observations and modeling.

Understanding aerosol vertical distribution is of great importance to climate change and atmospheric chemistry, but there is a dearth of systematical analysis for aerosol vertical distribution amid rapid emission decline after 2013 in China. Here, the GEOS-Chem model and multiple-sourced observations were applied to quantify the changes of aerosol vertical distributions in response to clean air actions. In 2013-2020, the MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) presented extensive decreasing trends by -7.

Characteristics of conserved microRNAome and their evolutionary adaptation to regulation of immune defense functions in the spleen of silver carp and bighead carp.

Immune defense functions of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) have shown obvious evolutionary divergence. MiRNAs participate in the fine regulation of immune function. However, the evolutionary adaptation of miRNAs in the regulation of immune defense function is still poorly understood in silver carp and bighead carp.

Jianpi Decoction Combined with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Alleviates Cancer Cachexia and Prevents Muscle Atrophy by Directly Inhibiting E3 Ubiquitin Ligase.

Objective: To provide comprehensive evidence for the anti-cancer cachexia effect of Jianpi Decoction (JP) and to explore its mechanism of anti-cancer cachexia.

Methods: A mouse model of colon cancer (CT26)-induced cancer cachexia (CC) was used to investigate the anti-CC effect of JP combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Thirty-six mice were equally divided into 6 groups: normal control, CC, MPA (100 mg•kg•d), MPA + low-dose (20 mg•kg•d) JP (L-JP), MPA + medium-dose (30 mg•kg•d) JP (M-JP), and MPA + high-dose (40 mg•kg•d) JP (H-JP) groups.

The impact of sarcopenia on the outcome of patients with left-sided colon and rectal cancer after curative surgery.

Background: The impact of sarcopenia on the outcome of patients with left-sided colon and rectal cancer has not been exhaustively investigated. Thus, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on the outcome of patients with left-sided colon and rectal cancer.

Methods: Patients with pathologically diagnosed stage I, II and III left-sided colon or rectal cancer who had undergone curative surgery between January 2008 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

Jian Pi Sheng Sui Gao (JPSSG) alleviation of skeletal myoblast cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction to improve cancer-related fatigue in an AMPK-SIRT1- and HIF-1-dependent manner.

Background: Jian Pi Sheng Sui Gao (JPSSG), a Chinese traditional herbal paste, possesses certain efficacy in patients with cancer-related fatigue (CRF); however, its related mechanism remains unclear. Hence, network pharmacology analysis, followed by and experiments were conducted in this study with the aim to evaluate the effect of JPSSG on CRF and clarify its potential mechanism.

Methods: Network pharmacology analysis was performed.

Identification of Gefitinib Resistance-Related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks and Corresponding Prognostic Signature in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: To identify and characterize gefitinib resistance-related (GefR-related) lncRNAs and construct a prediction model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods: Differential expression analysis between PC9 and gefitinib-resistant PC9 (PC9GR) cell samples was performed to screen GefR-related lncRNAs and mRNAs based on the GSE34228 dataset. These lncRNAs, mRNAs, and their corresponding microRNAs (miRNAs) were used to construct the GefR-related network and PPI networks.

Natriuretic Peptide Oligomers Cause Proarrhythmic Metabolic and Electrophysiological Effects in Atrial Myocytes.

Background: With aging, the human atrium invariably develops amyloid composed of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) and BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide). Preamyloid oligomers are the primary cytotoxic species in amyloidosis, and they accumulate in the atrium during human hypertension and a murine hypertensive model of atrial fibrillation susceptibility. We tested the hypothesis that preamyloid oligomers derived from natriuretic peptides cause cytotoxic and electrophysiological effects in atrial cells that promote arrhythmia susceptibility and that oligomer formation is enhanced for a mutant form of ANP linked to familial atrial fibrillation.

Effect of different fish feeds on water quality and growth of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) in the presence and absence of prometryn.

Few data are available regarding comprehensive or quantitative assessment of fish feed considering both the environmental and feeding impacts. Aiming to fill the gap, an experimental study to investigate the effects of three fish feeds on concentrations of nutrients and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) growth was conducted in laboratory aquariums in the presence and absence of prometryn. Results showed that weight gain rates of crucian carp treated with Tong Wei (TW) feed were 106.

The Adjunctive Effect of Acupuncture for Advanced Cancer Patients in a Collaborative Model of Palliative Care: Study Protocol for a 3-Arm Randomized Trial.

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death before the age of 70. Improved cancer survival has put increasing demands on cancer care. Palliative care is the specialized multi-disciplinary care providing relief from the pain, symptoms, and stress of serious illness.

Effects of fish feed addition scenarios with prometryn on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and water qualities.

The number of undesirable environmental impacts of fish feed has been reported widely. Although repeated fish feed exposures are more prospective to occur in water, previous studies were mostly conducted as a single exposure of fish feed. In order to fill these gaps, a 40 days incubator experiment was conducted to explore the effects of fish feed addition scenarios during the lag phase with prometryn on both Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients.

Exploring Mechanism of Key Chinese Herbal Medicine on Breast Cancer by Data Mining and Network Pharmacology Methods.

Objective: To screen the key Chinese Herbal Medicines (KCHMs) against breast cancer by data mining, and analyze the potential mechanism of KCHMs using network pharmacology method.

Methods: Clinical prescriptions consisted of CHMs for treating breast cancer were screened, and then Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was applied to obtain the KCHMs. Subsequently, active ingredients and corresponding target genes of KCHMs were searched by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database, and target genes of breast cancer were collected using OMIM and MalaCards.

Single-port laparoscopic appendectomy using a needle-type grasping forceps for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: Case series.

Introduction: Single-port laparoscopy has been used in any areas of surgery, including appendectomy, to reduce the operative stress and enhance postoperative recovery procedure. This paper introduces our attempt to perform single-port laparoscopic appendectomy using conventional laparoscoopic instruments and a needle-type grasping forceps (SLAN), which has dominant advantage in cosmetic appearance.

Methods: We report six pediatric patients who underwent SLAN for uncomplicated appendicitis from April to November 2019.

Design and development of spirulina polysaccharide-loaded nanoemulsions with improved the antitumor effects of paclitaxel.

In this study, we prepared spirulina polysaccharides into spirulina polysaccharide-loaded nanoemulsions (SPS-NEs), and determined the antitumor effect of SPS-NEs, when combined with paclitaxel (PTX). SPS-NEs were prepared by a phase transformation method. The Characterisation and stability of SPS-NEs was measured.

Chemokines and chemokine receptors: A new strategy for breast cancer therapy.

Chemokines and chemokine receptors not only participate in the development of tissue differentiation, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and immune regulation but also play an important role in the process of tumor development. The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in tumors has been emphasized in recent years. More and more studies have shown that chemokines and chemokine receptors are closely related to the occurrence, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunity of breast cancer.

Fish Feed Quality Is a Key Factor in Impacting Aquaculture Water Environment: Evidence from Incubator Experiments.

The effect of fish feed quality has gained increasing attention to alleviate the harmful environmental impacts induced by intensive aquaculture. In current research, we have conducted an incubator experiment to highlight the effect of fish feed quality on aquaculture water environment. Fish feed from three manufactures with two different dosages (0.

Combination of Logistic and modified Monod functions to study Microcystis aeruginosa growth stimulated by fish feed.

The ecological health of aquaculture water is threatened by wasted fish feed and herbicides. In order to study the effect of prometryn and fish feed on Microcystis aeruginosa growth based on Monod and Logistic functions, four different concentrations of prometryn (0, 50, 100 and 200 μg L) and two different dosages of fish feed (0.075 g, 0.

Azithromycin Causes a Novel Proarrhythmic Syndrome.

Background: The widely used macrolide antibiotic azithromycin increases risk of cardiovascular and sudden cardiac death, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Case reports, including the one we document here, demonstrate that azithromycin can cause rapid, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in the absence of QT prolongation, indicating a novel proarrhythmic syndrome. We investigated the electrophysiological effects of azithromycin in vivo and in vitro using mice, cardiomyocytes, and human ion channels heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

TET1 partially mediates HDAC inhibitor-induced suppression of breast cancer invasion.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have highly effective anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activity in various types of cancer, while the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not fully understood. In the present study, trichostatin A (TSA), a HDACi, was found to suppress MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell invasion and upregulate TET1 expression in a dose-dependent manner.

The efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine as an adjunctive therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Many published studies reflect the growing application of complementary and alternative medicine, particularly Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) use in combination with conventional cancer therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its efficacy remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CHM combined with conventional chemotherapy (CT) in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Publications in 11 electronic databases were extensively searched, and 24 trials were included for analysis.

Ionic mechanisms of pacemaker activity in spontaneously contracting atrial HL-1 cells.

Although normally absent, spontaneous pacemaker activity can develop in human atrium to promote tachyarrhythmias. HL-1 cells are immortalized atrial cardiomyocytes that contract spontaneously in culture, providing a model system of atrial cell automaticity. Using electrophysiologic recordings and selective pharmacologic blockers, we investigated the ionic basis of automaticity in atrial HL-1 cells.