Analysis of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technology-Assisted Environmental Protection on the Integrity of Chinese Painting.

Han painting is an important art display form in Chinese history; it has a history of hundreds of years. It is the embodiment of a higher level of Chinese painting. Han paintings can also show the development of China's political economy and culture.

Controlled Continuous Patterning of Spherical Stainless Steel by Multi-Axis Linkage Laser Milling.

While laser surface texturing is promising for the fabrication of planar surface microstructures, the continuously patterning with micrometer accuracy of non-planar surface on miniature parts with large curvature by laser ablation is challenging. In the present work, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying the proposed multi-axis laser milling in continuous patterning of 25 mm diameter spherical stainless steel with high uniformity and precision, based on a strategy of simultaneously adjusting the position and the posture of laser-surface interaction point for enabling the constant coincidence of laser beam with ablated surface normal. Specifically, a miniaturized five-axis platform for controlling workpiece motion with high degree-of-freedom is designed and integrated with a fixed nanosecond pulsed laser beam operating at 1064 nm.

Model-driven engineering city spaces via bidirectional model transformations.

Engineering cyber-physical systems inhabiting contemporary urban spatial environments demands software engineering facilities to support design and operation. Tools and approaches in civil engineering and architectural informatics produce artifacts that are geometrical or geographical representations describing physical spaces. The models we consider conform to the CityGML standard; although relying on international standards and accessible in machine-readable formats, such physical space descriptions often lack semantic information that can be used to support analyses.

The Design and Implementation of a High-Precision Positioner Fixture.

In this paper, a novel positioner fixture with a high repeated positioning accuracy and a high stiffness is proposed and investigated. A high-precision end-toothed disc is used to achieve the high repeated positioning accuracy of the designed positioner fixture. The mathematical models of the cumulative error of the tooth pitch, the tooth alignment error and the error of the tooth profile half-angle of the end-toothed disc are analyzed.

Design and Implementation of Ultrasonic Impact Peening-Based Device for Stainless Steel Surface Texture Fabrication.

The manufacturing of precise surface microstructures with low cost is needed for surface texturing-based surface engineering. In this paper, a device for the fabrication of surface microgroove texture on stainless steel based on ultrasonic impact peening (UIP) is proposed and investigated. First, the principle of applying the UIP into the fabrication of surface texture is analytically described.

Direct Nanomachining on Semiconductor Wafer By Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is one of the most important instrumental methods of modern electrochemistry due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. We introduced SECM into nanomachining by feeding the electrochemical modulations of the tip electrode back to the positioning system, and we demonstrated that SECM is a versatile nanomachining technique on semiconductor wafers using electrochemically induced chemical etching. The removal profile was correlated to the applied tip current when the tip was held stationary and when it was moving slowly (<20 μm s ), and it followed Faraday's law.

John Hopcroft's views on China's education.

Professor John Hopcroft at Cornell University is a Turing Prize winner (1986) and an educator with more than 55 years of teaching experience. For the past 10 years, Hopcroft has been coming to China to give courses to undergraduate students at Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) and has helped SJTU to improve the quality of computer-science education. He also chairs the Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies at Peking University (PKU), the Turing Class at PKU and the Hopcroft Center at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, and is engaged in many other projects aiming to upgrade China's computer-science undergraduate education.

Experimental Investigation on Micro-Groove Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Using Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Assisted Cutting.

The micro-groove structure on the planar surface has been widely used in the tribology field for improving the lubrication performance, thereby reducing the friction coefficient and wear. However, in the conventional cutting (CC) process, the high-quality, high-precision machining of the micro-groove on titanium alloy has always been a challenge, because considerable problems including poor surface integrity and a high level of the material swelling and springback remain unresolved. In this study, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted cutting (UEVC) technology was employed, which aimed to minimize the level of the material swelling and springback and improve the machining quality.

Design and Implementation of a Novel Single-Driven Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Assisted Cutting Device.

In this paper, a novel single-driven ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (SDUEVC) device with a succinct structure and a simple assembly is proposed and investigated. A tailored horn with a tilted-slot structure was employed in the designed SDUEVC device. Also, the elliptical trajectory formation mechanism of the designed SDUEVC device was described by using the theory of mechanical vibration.

Self-forming TiBN Nanocomposite Multilayer Coating Prepared by Pulse Cathode Arc Method.

Novel multilayer structured TiBN coatings were deposited on Si (100) substrate using TiBN complex cathode plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition technique (PIIID). The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microcopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and ball-on-disk test. XRD results reveal that both samples of TiBN coatings have the main diffraction peak of TiN (200) and (220).

Characterization study on machining PMMA thin-film using AFM tip-based dynamic plowing lithography.

This paper presents a reliable nanolithography technique, namely dynamic plowing lithography (DPL) based on a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM). The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) solution spinning on a silicon substrate is utilized to be scratched directly with an oscillating tip at its resonance frequency. The films with different thickness are obtained by adjusting the concentration of solution and post baked time.

AFM tip characterization by using FFT filtered images of step structures.

The measurement resolution of an atomic force microscope (AFM) is largely dependent on the radius of the tip. Meanwhile, when using AFM to study nanoscale surface properties, the value of the tip radius is needed in calculations. As such, estimation of the tip radius is important for analyzing results taken using an AFM.

Controlled nanodot fabrication by rippling polycarbonate surface using an AFM diamond tip.

The single scratching test of polymer polycarbonate (PC) sample surface using an atomic force microscope (AFM) diamond tip for fabricating ripple patterns has been studied with the focus on the evaluation of the effect of the tip scratching angle on the pattern formation. The experimental results indicated that the different oriented ripples can be easily machined by controlling the scratching angles of the AFM. And, the effects of the normal load and the feed on the ripples formation and their periods were also studied.

Fabrication of nanochannels with ladder nanostructure at the bottom using AFM nanoscratching method.

This letter presents a novel atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomanufacturing method combining the tip scanning with the high-precision stage movement to fabricate nanochannels with ladder nanostructure at the bottom by continuous scanning with a fixed scan size. Different structures can be obtained according to the matching relation of the tip feeding velocity and the precision stage moving velocity. This relationship was first studied in detail to achieve nanochannels with different ladder nanostructures at the bottom.

Electrochemical mechanical micromachining based on confined etchant layer technique.

The confined etchant layertechnique (CELT) has been proved an effective electrochemical microfabrication method since its first publication at Faraday Discussions in 1992. Recently, we have developed CELT as an electrochemical mechanical micromachining (ECMM) method by replacing the cutting tool used in conventional mechanical machining with an electrode, which can perform lathing, planing and polishing. Through the coupling between the electrochemically induced chemical etching processes and mechanical motion, ECMM can also obtain a regular surface in one step.

Study on effects of scan parameters on the image quality and tip wear in AFM tapping mode.

Due to the tip-sample interaction which is the measurement principle of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), tip wear constantly occurs during scanning. The blunt tip caused by the wear process makes more tip geometry information involved in the image, and correspondingly it increases the measurement error. In the present study, the scan parameters of AFM in tapping mode which affect the wear of single crystal silicon tips, such as the approaching rate, the scan rate, the scan amplitude, and the integral gain are investigated.

A leveling method based on current feedback mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy.

Substrate leveling is an essential but neglected instrumental technique of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In this technical note, we provide an effective substrate leveling method based on the current feedback mode of SECM. By using an air-bearing rotary stage as the supporter of an electrolytic cell, the current feedback presents a periodic waveform signal, which can be used to characterize the levelness of the substrate.

Effect of the molecular weight on deformation states of the polystyrene film by AFM single scanning.

Nanobundles patterns can be formed on the surface of most thermoplastic polymers when the atomic force microscope (AFM)-based nanomechanical machining method is employed to scratch their surfaces. Such patterns are reviewed as three-dimensional sine-wave structures. In the present study, the single-line scratch test is used firstly to study different removal states of the polystyrene (PS) polymer with different molecular weights (MWs).