Parallel diffusion models promote high detail-fidelity photoacoustic microscopy in sparse sampling.

Reconstructing sparsely sampled data is fundamental for achieving high spatiotemporal resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) of microvascular morphology in vivo. Convolutional networks (CNN) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) have been introduced to high-speed PAM, but due to the use of upsampling in CNN-based networks to restore details and the instability in GAN training, they struggle to learn the entangled microvascular network structure and vascular texture features, resulting in only achieving low detail-fidelity imaging of microvascular. The diffusion models is richly sampled and can generate high-quality images, which is very helpful for the complex vascular features in PAM.

A positive correlation between serum lactate dehydrogenase level and in-hospital mortality in ICU sepsis patients: evidence from two large databases.

Background: Sepsis presents a significant healthcare challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. There is a scarcity of relevant studies investigating the association between serum lactate dehydrogenase level and the prognosis of sepsis in patients from intensive care unit, with smaller sample sizes compared to other studies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing data from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV).

Effect of heart rate control with ivabradine on hemodynamic in patients with sepsis: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome, is often accompanied by tachycardia in spite of hypovolemia and hypotension have been corrected. Recently, relevant studies have shown that sustained tachycardia in sepsis was related to high mortality, and appropriate control of heart rate (HR) could improve prognosis. Ivabradine reduces HR directly without a negative inotropic effect through inhibition of the I ionic current, which is different from the traditional rate control drug (beta-blockers).

A Mendelian randomization study on causal relationship between metabolic factors and abnormal spermatozoa.

Background: Male infertility is a global health problem. There is an increasing attention on the association of metabolic status with spermatogenesis. However, the impacts of metabolic factors on semen parameters are still unclear.

The therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of ondansetron in the treatment of critical illness in the ICU.

Background: There is accumulating evidence regarding the benefits of the 5-HT receptor antagonist ondansetron for the treatment of critical illness due to its potential anti-inflammatory effect. This study attempted to determine the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of ondansetron's action against critical illnesses.

Methods: A bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology was conducted to demonstrate screening targets and the signaling pathways of ondansetron action against the most common critical illnesses such as acute kidney injury (AKI), sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

The impact of postoperative adjuvant therapy on EGFR-mutated stage IA lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary pathological subtypes.

Background: Micropapillary (MPP) adenocarcinoma is considered one of the most aggressive pathological types of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance and benefit of postoperative adjuvant therapy (PAT) in stage IA LADC patients with different proportions of MPP components.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively examined clinical stage IA LADC patients who underwent surgical resection between August 2012 and December 2019.

Association between albumin-bilirubin score and in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis: Evidence from two large databases.

Background: The Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score, recommended for assessing the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, has garnered attention. The efficacy of ALBI score in forecasting the risk of death in sepsis patients remains limited. We designed two cohort studies to assess the association between ALBI score and in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.

Clinical Diagnostic Value of Shear-Wave Elastography in Detecting Malignant Nipple Retraction.

Objectives: In recent years, the use of shear-wave elastography (SWE) as a diagnostic tool for detecting malignant breast lesions has shown promising results. This study aims to determine the clinical diagnostic value of SWE in detecting malignant nipple retraction.

Methods: Both US and SWE (Philips EPIQ7 system) were performed for 41 consecutive patients with nipple retraction (56 nipples).

κ-Carrageenan masking bitterness perception in surimi gels containing potassium chloride-based salt substitutes: Gel properties, oral processing, and sensory evaluation.

κ-Carrageenan (CG) was employed to mask the bitterness induced by 50% KCl in surimi gels to achieve salt reduction and gel performance improvement. The combination of KCl and CG (KCl + CG) yielded the increased textural characteristics and water-holding capacity (WHC) of surimi gels and facilitated the transition of free water to immobilized water. In addition, the KCl + CG supplement increased the turbidity and particle size of myofibrillar protein (MP) sols but decreased the surface hydrophobicity in a dose-dependent manner.

ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the therapy for REfractory Septic shock with Cardiac function Under Estimated (ECMO-RESCUE): study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised cohort study.

Introduction: Severe septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is one of the main causes of refractory septic shock (RSS), with a high mortality. The application of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support the impaired cardiac function in patients with septic shock remains controversial. Moreover, no prospective studies have been taken to address whether venoarterial ECMO treatment could improve the outcome of patients with sepsis-induced cardiogenic shock.

Association of soluble transferrin receptor/log ferritin index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log ferritin index (sTfR Index) can be used to assess the entire spectrum of iron status, and is valuable in evaluating iron status in population studies. There is still a lack of evidence on the association between sTfR index and all-cause mortality.

Object: To explore the association between sTfR index and all-cause mortality, as well as mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer.

Impact response of lightweight steel foam concrete composite slabs: Experimental, numerical and analytical studies.

This paper presents a study on the low-velocity impact response of lightweight steel foam concrete (LSFC) composite slabs. The LSFC composite slab consisted of a W-shaped steel plate, foam concrete and oriented strand board (OSB). Low-velocity impact tests on the LSFC composite slabs were conducted by employing an ultra-high heavy-duty drop hammer testing machine.

liver function reserve assessments in alcoholic liver disease by scalable photoacoustic imaging.

We present a rapid and high-resolution photoacoustic imaging method for evaluating the liver function reserve (LFR). To validate its accuracy, we establish alcoholic liver disease (ALD) models and employ dual-wavelength spectral unmixing to assess oxygen metabolism. An empirical mathematical model fits the photoacoustic signals, obtaining liver metabolism curve and LFR parameters.

Leydig cell metabolic disorder act as a new mechanism affecting for focal spermatogenesis in Klinefelter syndrome patients: a real world cross-sectional study base on the age.

Background: Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) was once considered infertile due to congenital chromosomal abnormalities, but the presence of focal spermatozoa changed this. The key to predict and promote spermatogenesis is to find targets that regulate focal spermatogenesis.

Objective: To explore the trend of fertility changes in KS patients at different ages and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Ultrafast photoacoustic cavitation pumped by picosecond laser for high-efficient and long-term shockwave theranostics.

Photoacoustic (PA) theranostics is a new emerging field that uniquely combines diagnosis and treatment in one modality. However, its current status is compromised by the indispensable dependence on nonreversible phase-change nanoprobes that provides one-time-only action. Here, we demonstrate a picosecond-laser-pumped ultrafast PA cavitation technique for highly efficient shockwave theranostics, guaranteeing sustained PA cavitation by using non-phase-change nanoprobes.

Association between the β-blocker use and patients with sepsis: a cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether β-blockers are associated with mortality in patients with sepsis.

Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with sepsis using the Medical Information Market for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV and the emergency intensive care unit (eICU) databases. The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate.

NIR-II femtosecond laser ignites MXene as photoacoustic bomb for continuous high-precision tumor blasting.

Recently, photoacoustic (PA) cavitation-mediated therapy has become the focus of research owing to its advantage of inhibiting drug or radiation resistance; however, its application is limited because it relies on nanodroplets with one-time action. Herein, we demonstrate a femtosecond-laser-pumped ultrafast PA cavitation technique for highly efficient shockwave theranostics using niobium carbide (NbC) coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone-40000 (PVP), producing sustainable PA cavitation with non-phase-change nanoprobes, which effectively gets rid of the dependence on nanodroplets, guaranteeing multiple treatments. Under femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation, given that the thermal confinement regime could be well satisfied, the NbC-PVP nanosheets (NSs) were quickly heated, forming localized overheated nanospots with the temperature exceeding the phase-transition threshold of the surroundings, leading to precise cavitation and explosion at the tumor sites.

Quantitative 3D Temperature Rendering of Deep Tumors by a NIR-II Reversibly Responsive W-VO@PEG Photoacoustic Nanothermometer to Promote Precise Cancer Photothermal Therapy.

Accurately monitoring the three-dimensional (3D) temperature distribution of the tumor area is a critical task that remains challenging in precision cancer photothermal (PT) therapy. Here, by ingeniously constructing a polyethylene glycol-coated tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (W-VO@PEG) photoacoustic (PA) nanothermometer (NThem) that linearly and reversibly responds to the thermal field near the human-body-temperature range, the authors propose a method to realize quantitative 3D temperature rendering of deep tumors to promote precise cancer PT therapy. The prepared NThems exhibit a mild phase transition from the monoclinic phase to the rutile phase when their temperature grows from 35 to 45 °C, with the optical absorption sharply increased ∼2-fold at 1064 nm in an approximately linear manner in the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) region, enabling W-VO@PEG to be used as NThems for quantitative temperature monitoring of deep tumors with basepoint calibration, as well as diagnostic agents for PT therapy.

Homogeneous-resolution photoacoustic microscopy for ultrawide field-of-view neurovascular imaging in Alzheimer's disease.

Neurovascular imaging is essential for investigating neurodegenerative diseases. However, the existing neurovascular imaging technology suffers from a trade-off between a field of view (FOV) and resolution in the whole brain, resulting in an inhomogeneous resolution and lack of information. Here, homogeneous-resolution arched-scanning photoacoustic microscopy (AS-PAM), which has an ultrawide FOV to cover the entire mouse cerebral cortex, was developed.

Photoacoustic maximum amplitude projection microscopy by ultra-low data sampling.

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has attracted increasing research interest in the biomedical field due to its unique merit of combining light and sound. In general, the bandwidth of a photoacoustic signal reaches up to tens or even hundreds of MHz, which requires a high-performance acquisition card to meet the high requirement of precision of sampling and control. For most depth-insensitive scenes, it is complex and costly to capture the photoacoustic maximum amplitude projection (MAP) images.

Universal visualization of crystalline orientation for black phosphorus by angle-resolved polarized photoacoustic microscopy.

Anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as black phosphorus (BP), normally possess unique directional in-plane electrical, optical, and thermal properties that are highly correlated with their crystalline orientations. Nondestructive visualization of their crystalline orientation is an indispensable premise for the 2D materials to harness their distinctive strengths in optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Here, by photoacoustically recording the anisotropic optical absorption variation under linearly polarized laser beams, an angle-resolved polarized photoacoustic microscopy (AnR-PPAM) is developed, capable of non-invasively determining and visualizing BP's crystalline orientation.

Apoptosis inhibition enhances induced pluripotent stem cell generation during T cell reprogramming.

The widespread adoption of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been hindered by its complex and costly manufacturing process. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown promise as a cellular immunotherapy alternative, due to their unlimited self-renewal potential in culture and capacity to differentiate into functional immune cell types. However, it is imperative to carefully select the original cell for iPSC seed preparation, as iPSCs have been found to retain the epigenetic imprint of the original somatic cells.

Novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum associated with dural ossification.

Purpose: To investigate the imaging characteristics of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) combined with dural ossification (DO) and the clinical efficacy of zoning laminectomy.

Method: The clinical data of 48 patients with thoracic OLF combined with DO who underwent zoning laminectomy between June 2016 and May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score was used to evaluate neurological function before and after surgery, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the improvement rate.