Second-order lower radial tangent derivatives and applications to set-valued optimization.

We introduce the concepts of second-order radial composed tangent derivative, second-order radial tangent derivative, second-order lower radial composed tangent derivative, and second-order lower radial tangent derivative for set-valued maps by means of a radial tangent cone, second-order radial tangent set, lower radial tangent cone, and second-order lower radial tangent set, respectively. Some properties of second-order tangent derivatives are discussed, using which second-order necessary optimality conditions are established for a point pair to be a Henig efficient element of a set-valued optimization problem, and in the expressions the second-order tangent derivatives of the objective function and the constraint function are separated.

Molecular characterization and primary functional analysis of PeMPEC, a magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase gene of bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).

A homologous gene of MPEC from Phyllostachys edulis was isolated and characterized. Its overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana increased chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis efficiency, indicating it is involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MPEC) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, which plays an important role in photosynthesis.

Developing genome-wide microsatellite markers of bamboo and their applications on molecular marker assisted taxonomy for accessions in the genus Phyllostachys.

Morphology-based taxonomy via exiguously reproductive organ has severely limitation on bamboo taxonomy, mainly owing to infrequent and unpredictable flowering events of bamboo. Here, we present the first genome-wide analysis and application of microsatellites based on the genome of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) to assist bamboo taxonomy. Of identified 127,593 microsatellite repeat-motifs, the primers of 1,451 microsatellites were designed and 1,098 markers were physically mapped on the genome of moso bamboo.

Characterization of the floral transcriptome of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) at different flowering developmental stages by transcriptome sequencing and RNA-seq analysis.

Background: As an arborescent and perennial plant, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houzeau, synonym Phyllostachys heterocycla Carrière) is characterized by its infrequent sexual reproduction with flowering intervals ranging from several to more than a hundred years. However, little bamboo genomic research has been conducted on this due to a variety of reasons.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal mediation of plant-plant interactions in a marshland plant community.

Obligate aerobic AMF taxa have high species richness under waterlogged conditions, but their ecological role remains unclear. Here we focused on AM fungal mediation of plant interactions in a marshland plant community. Five cooccurring plant species were chosen for a neighbor removal experiment in which benomyl was used to suppress AMF colonization.

BambooGDB: a bamboo genome database with functional annotation and an analysis platform.

Bamboo, as one of the most important non-timber forest products and fastest-growing plants in the world, represents the only major lineage of grasses that is native to forests. Recent success on the first high-quality draft genome sequence of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) provides new insights on bamboo genetics and evolution. To further extend our understanding on bamboo genome and facilitate future studies on the basis of previous achievements, here we have developed BambooGDB, a bamboo genome database with functional annotation and analysis platform.

Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the fast growing shoots of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).

Background: The moso bamboo, a large woody bamboo with the highest ecological, economic, and cultural value of all bamboos, has one of the highest growth speeds in the world. Genetic research into moso bamboo has been scarce, partly because of the lack of previous genomic resources. In the present study, for the first time, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing and mapped to the moso bamboo genomic resources (reference genome and genes) to produce a comprehensive dataset for the fast growing shoots of moso bamboo.

Identification and characterization of microRNAs in the leaf of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) by deep sequencing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding small endogenous RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels by targeting mRNAs for degradation or by inhibiting protein translation. Thousands of miRNAs have been identified in many species. However, there is no information available concerning miRNAs in ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), one of the most important non-timber forest products, which has essential ecological roles in forests.

The draft genome of the fast-growing non-timber forest species moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla).

Bamboo represents the only major lineage of grasses that is native to forests and is one of the most important non-timber forest products in the world. However, no species in the Bambusoideae subfamily has been sequenced. Here, we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of moso bamboo (P.

[Photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Pleioblastus kongosanensis f. aureostriaus under drought stress].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the variations of Pleioblastus kongosanensis f. aureostriaus plant morphology, leaf water content (LWC) , leaf water potential (LWP) , photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and soil water content (SWC) under natural drought stress, as well as the relationships between these variations and environmental factors. On the 17th day under the stress, the P.

Genome-wide characterization of the biggest grass, bamboo, based on 10,608 putative full-length cDNA sequences.

Background: With the availability of rice and sorghum genome sequences and ongoing efforts to sequence genomes of other cereal and energy crops, the grass family (Poaceae) has become a model system for comparative genomics and for better understanding gene and genome evolution that underlies phenotypic and ecological divergence of plants. While the genomic resources have accumulated rapidly for almost all major lineages of grasses, bamboo remains the only large subfamily of Poaceae with little genomic information available in databases, which seriously hampers our ability to take a full advantage of the wealth of grass genomic data for effective comparative studies.

Results: Here we report the cloning and sequencing of 10,608 putative full length cDNAs (FL-cDNAs) primarily from Moso bamboo, Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.

A molecular phylogenetic and fruit evolutionary analysis of the major groups of the paleotropical woody bamboos (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) based on nuclear ITS, GBSSI gene and plastid trnL-F DNA sequences.

This study presented the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the major clades of woody bamboos of the Old World tropics based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences (ITS, GBSSI and trnL-F). Sequence data from 53 species, representing 17 paleotropical woody bamboo genera, were analyzed using the maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. All examined ingroup taxa were clustered into two clades, i.

[Soil microelements under different vegetation restoration patterns in yellow soil slope region of mid-subtropics].

With the Nüerzhai watershed in Wuling Mountain as a case, this paper studied the contents and availabilities of soil microelements and their relationships with soil organic matter and pH value in yellow soil slope region of mid-subtropics under seven typical vegetation restoration patterns, i. e., Pinus massoniana natural forest (I), Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (II), Eucommia ulmoides plantation (III), Vernicia fordii plantation (IV), Machilus pingii secondary forest (V), Phyllostachys edulis - C.

[Application value of organic ground surface mulch in urban forestry construction].

This paper summarized the development process of organic ground surface mulch, and analyzed its important application value (such as the functions of improving soil physical and chemical properties, promoting plant growth, beautifying urban landscape, and preventing soil dust, etc.), and its values in protecting environment and benefiting economy. The problems in the application process of organic ground surface mulch were discussed, and the actual impendence and broad development space of its production and application in our urban forestry construction were pointed out.

[Research advances in ecosystem flux].

To develop the long-term localized observation and investigation on ecosystem flux is of great importance. On the basis of generalizing the concepts and connotations of ecosystem flux, this paper introduced the construction and development histories of Global Flux Networks, Regional Flux Networks (Ameri-Flux, Euro-Flux and Asia-Flux) and China-Flux, as well as the main methodologies, including micrometeorological methods (such as eddy correlation method, mass balance method, energy balance method and air dynamic method)and chamber methods (static and dynamic chamber methods), and their basic operation principles. The research achievements, approaches and advances of CO2, N2O, CH4, and heat fluxes in forest ecosystem, farmland ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and water ecosystem were also summarized.

[Research advances on BVOCs emission from forest].

BVOCs play an important role in atmospheric environmental quality, global tropospheric chemistry, and global carbon balance, while forest is the main sources of them. This paper summarized the seasonal and diurnal variations of BVOCs emission from forest and its affecting factors including habitat variation, environmental change, forest development phase and its physiological status, and exotic interference. The ecological significance of forest BVOCs emission was further discussed, and some suggestions were proposed on ecological healthcare forest resources exploitation and urban forest construction.

[Light environment characteristics of forest gap in deciduous broad-leaved forest and its effects on growth features of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Jianghuai watershed].

The daily total light intensity, various wave band light intensities, spectrum composition, and the growth characteristics and total saponia content of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in forest gap and under forest were studied in deciduous forest (Liquidambar formosana) in Jianghuai watershed. The results showed that the intensities of full wavelength daily total light, blue light(400-510 nm), yellow-green light(510-610 nm), red-orange light (610-720 nm) and near-infrared light(720-1100 nm) in forest gap were higher than those under forest. The intensities and spectra compositions of blue light and red-orange light in forest gaps were significantly higher than those under forest.

[Land-use strategy in riverine area].

The land near river is one kind of land zone that is inseparably related to the ecological process of river and lake, and directly affected or endangered by flood. Combined with ecological principles and the theory of forest eco-network system in China, the landscape security, the principles and directional thoughts, the theoretical basis and strategy were comprehensively studied in this paper. The landscape security should include three aspects of ecological benefit security, economical benefit security, and social benefit security.