Novel rare variation of CCDC40 plays a role in the development of idiopathic scoliosis possibly via dysfunction of cilia motility.

Background Context: Motile cilia dysfunction was reported to lead to scoliosis-like phenotypes in zebrafish models. There is still a lack of population-based study supporting the role of cilia motility associated genes in the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis (IS).

Purpose: To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between cilia motility associated genes and the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Sequential activation of osteogenic microenvironment via composite peptide-modified microfluidic microspheres for promoting bone regeneration.

The osteogenic microenvironment (OME) significantly influences bone repair; however, reproducing its dynamic activation and repair processes remains challenging. In this study, we designed injectable porous microspheres modified with composite peptides to investigate cascade alterations in OME and their underlying mechanisms. Poly -lactic acid microfluidic microspheres underwent surface modifications through alkaline hydrolysis treatment, involving heterogeneous grafting of bovine serum albumin nanoparticles with stem cell-homing peptides (BNP@SKP) and BMP-2 mimicking peptides (P24), respectively.

APMG: 3D Molecule Generation Driven by Atomic Chemical Properties.

Recently, mask-fill-based 3D Molecular Generation (MG) methods have become very popular in virtual drug design. However, the existing MG methods ignore the chemical properties of atoms and contain inappropriate atomic position training data, which limits their generation capability. To mitigate the above issues, this paper presents a novel mask-fill-based 3D molecule generation model driven by atomic chemical properties (APMG).

Imbalanced Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Proteostasis Causes Bone Loss.

Although microgravity has been implicated in osteoporosis, the precise molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that microgravity might induce mitochondrial protein buildup in skeletal muscle, alongside reduced levels of LONP1 protein. We revealed that disruptions in mitochondrial proteolysis, induced by the targeted skeletal muscle-specific deletion of the essential mitochondrial protease LONP1 or by the acute inducible deletion of muscle LONP1 in adult mice, cause reduced bone mass and compromised mechanical function.

View-shuffled clustering via the modified Hungarian algorithm.

In the majority of existing multi-view clustering methods, the prerequisite is that the data have the correct cross-view correspondence. However, this strong assumption may not always hold in real-world applications, giving rise to the so-called View-shuffled Problem (VsP). To address this challenge, we propose a novel multi-view clustering method, namely View-shuffled Clustering via the Modified Hungarian Algorithm (VsC-mH).

Soul: An OCTA dataset based on Human Machine Collaborative Annotation Framework.

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is the most prevalent retinal vascular disease that constitutes a threat to vision due to increased venous pressure caused by venous effluent in the space, leading to impaired visual function. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is an innovative non-invasive technique that offers high-resolution three-dimensional structures of retinal blood vessels. Most publicly available datasets are collected from single visits with different patients, encompassing various eye diseases for distinct tasks and areas.

Interfacial Dynamics Study of NCM523-Based Semi-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

The use of solid electrolytes (SE) in solid-state batteries holds the promise of achieving higher energy densities and enhancing safety. However, current solid-state batteries face significant interface impedance issues, mainly dealing with the effect of the evolution of the solid-solid interface on ion transport. Semi-solid-state batteries (SSB), containing a small amount of liquid electrolyte, serve as appropriate transitional products in the development process of solid-state batteries.

The roles and mechanisms of the NF-κB signaling pathway in tendon disorders.

Both acute and chronic tendon injuries are the most frequently occurring musculoskeletal diseases in human and veterinary medicine, with a limited repertoire of successful and evidenced-based therapeutic strategies. Inflammation has been suggested as a key driver for the formation of scar and adhesion tissue following tendon acute injury, as well as pathological alternations of degenerative tendinopathy. However, prior efforts to completely block this inflammatory process have yet to be largely successful.

4-Octyl itaconate protects chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis by inhibiting GPX4 methylation in osteoarthritis.

The role of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis is increasingly recognized. Notably, 4-octyl Itaconate (OI) has been documented to counteract oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, highlighting its therapeutic potential in OA. This study explored the effects of OI on GPX4 methylation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in chondrocytes affected by OA.

Mrgprb2-mediated mast cell activation exacerbates Modic changes by regulating immune niches.

Modic changes are radiographic features associated with microfracture, low-virulence organism infection and chronic inflammation with inflammatory cell infiltration in the vertebral endplate region. Mast cells, as innate immune cells similar to macrophages, are present in painful degenerated intervertebral discs. However, the involvement and mechanisms of mast cells in the development of Modic changes remain unclear.

Simulation and Experimental Study on the Effect of Superheat on Solidification Microstructure Evolution of Billet in Continuous Casting.

The control of the solidification structure of a casting billet is directly correlated with the quality of steel. Variations in superheat can influence the transition from columnar crystals to equiaxed crystals during the solidification process, subsequently impacting the final solidification structure of the billet. In this study, a model of microstructure evolution during billet solidification was established by combining simulation and experiment, and the dendrite growth microstructure evolution during billet solidification under different superheat was studied.

UVR8-TCP4-LOX2 module regulates UV-B tolerance in Arabidopsis.

The phytohormone jasmonate (JA) coordinates stress and growth responses to increase plant survival in unfavorable environments. Although JA can enhance plant UV-B stress tolerance, the mechanisms underlying the interaction of UV-B and JA in this response remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 - TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, Cycloidea and PCF 4 - LIPOXYGENASE2 (UVR8-TCP4-LOX2) module regulates UV-B tolerance dependent on JA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Attention-based investigation and solution to the trade-off issue of adversarial training.

Adversarial training has become the mainstream method to boost adversarial robustness of deep models. However, it often suffers from the trade-off dilemma, where the use of adversarial examples hurts the standard generalization of models on natural data. To study this phenomenon, we investigate it from the perspective of spatial attention.

FATP2 regulates osteoclastogenesis by increasing lipid metabolism and ROS production.

Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis, particularly in osteoclasts (OCs) formation. Here, we found that the expression level of FATP2, a transporter for long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids, was significantly upregulated during OC differentiation and in the bone marrow of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Notably, the use of FATP2 siRNA or a specific inhibitor (Lipofermata) resulted in significant inhibition of OC differentiation, while only slightly affecting osteoblasts.

Urolithin B reduces cartilage degeneration and alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammation.

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease reported worldwide. Conventional treatment strategies mainly focus on medication and involve surgical joint replacement. The use of these therapies is limited by gastrointestinal complications and the lifespan of joint prostheses.

Restrained Mitf-associated autophagy by Mulberroside A ameliorates osteoclastogenesis and counteracts OVX-Induced osteoporosis in mice.

Bone and mineral metabolism homeostasis accounts for the maintenance of normal skeletal remodeling. However, with aging and changes in hormone levels, over-activated osteoclasts disrupt homeostasis, induce osteoporosis, and even cause osteoporotic fractures, leading to an enormous economic burden. Despite the rapid development of pharmacological therapy for osteoporosis, safer and more effective treatments remain to be explored.

Influence of serial intravitreal injections on measures of dry eye: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of serial intravitreal injections (IVI) on measures of dry eye.

Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched according to the PROSPERO protocol (CRD42023455727). Studies evaluating the influence of serial IVI on the ocular surface compared with untreated fellow eyes were included.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow, Solidification, and Solute Distribution in Billets under Combined Mold and Final Electromagnetic Stirring.

In this study, a three-dimensional segmented coupled model for continuous casting billets under combined mold and final electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS, F-EMS) was developed. The model was verified by comparing carbon segregation in billets with and without EMS through plant experiments. The findings revealed that both M-EMS and F-EMS induce tangential flow in molten steel, impacting solidification and solute distribution processes within the billet.

Multicargo-loaded inverse opal gelatin hydrogel microparticles for promoting bacteria-infected wound healing.

Nowadays, many strategies have been developed to design biomaterials to accelerate bacteria-infected wound healing. Here, we presented a new type of multicargo-loaded inverse opal hydrogel microparticle (IOHM) for regulating oxidative stress, antibiosis, and angiogenesis of the bacteria-infected wound. The methacrylate acylated gelatin (GelMA)-based inverse opal hydrogel microparticles (IOHMs) were obtained by using the colloidal crystal microparticles as templates, and fullerol, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were loaded in IOHMs.

Vision-Based UAV Self-Positioning in Low-Altitude Urban Environments.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) rely on satellite systems for stable positioning. However, due to limited satellite coverage or communication disruptions, UAVs may lose signals for positioning. In such situations, vision-based techniques can serve as an alternative, ensuring the self-positioning capability of UAVs.