Differential brain activity in patients with disorders of consciousness: a 3-month rs-fMRI study using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.

Introduction: Disorders of consciousness (DoC) from severe brain injuries have significant impacts. However, further research on nuanced biomarkers is needed to fully understand the condition. This study employed resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) to investigate differential brain activity in patients with DoC following spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy.

The Impact of Bispectral Index Monitoring on Outcomes in Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Disorders of Consciousness.

Objective: To observe whether maintaining the appropriate depth of anesthesia with Bispectral Index (BIS) can improve the prognosis of Spinal Cord stimulation (SCS) implantation in patients with chronic Disorders of consciousness (DoC).

Methods: 103 patients with DoC undergoing SCS implantation were reviewed, and 83 patients with DoC were included according to the standard of inclusion and exclusion Criteria. Patients were divided into a BIS group (n =45) and a non-BIS group (n =38) according to whether BIS monitoring was used during the operation.

Age-dependent coupling characteristics of bilateral frontal EEG during desflurane anesthesia.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the age dependence of bilateral frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) coupling characteristics, and find potential age-independent depth of anesthesia monitoring indicators for the elderlies.We recorded bilateral forehead EEG data from 41 patients (ranged in 19-82 years old), and separated into three age groups: 18-40 years (= 12); 40-65 years (= 14), >65 years (= 15). All these patients underwent desflurane maintained general anesthesia (GA).

State-related Electroencephalography Microstate Complexity during Propofol- and Esketamine-induced Unconsciousness.

Background: Identifying the state-related "neural correlates of consciousness" for anesthetics-induced unconsciousness is challenging. Spatiotemporal complexity is a promising tool for investigating consciousness. The authors hypothesized that spatiotemporal complexity may serve as a state-related but not drug-related electroencephalography (EEG) indicator during an unconscious state induced by different anesthetic drugs (e.

Evaluation of brain function in adult patent ductus arteriosus surgery: A multimodal monitoring approach.

Adult patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) repair surgery often involves hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and is associated with postoperative neurological complications. Our study evaluates brain function during PDA surgery using regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring to mitigate these complications. Patients were categorized into moderate (26-31 ℃) and mild (32-35 ℃) hypothermia groups.

The applied principles of EEG analysis methods in neuroscience and clinical neurology.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive measurement method for brain activity. Due to its safety, high resolution, and hypersensitivity to dynamic changes in brain neural signals, EEG has aroused much interest in scientific research and medical fields. This article reviews the types of EEG signals, multiple EEG signal analysis methods, and the application of relevant methods in the neuroscience field and for diagnosing neurological diseases.

Changes in information integration and brain networks during propofol-, dexmedetomidine-, and ketamine-induced unresponsiveness.

Background: Information integration and network science are important theories for quantifying consciousness. However, whether these theories propose drug- or conscious state-related changes in EEG during anaesthesia-induced unresponsiveness remains unknown.

Methods: A total of 72 participants were randomised to receive i.

The EEG complexity, information integration and brain network changes in minimally conscious state patients during general anesthesia.

General anesthesia (GA) can induce reversible loss of consciousness. Nonetheless, the electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of patients with minimally consciousness state (MCS) during GA are seldom observed.We recorded EEG data from nine MCS patients during GA.

EEG Changes during Propofol Anesthesia Induction in Vegetative State Patients Undergoing Spinal Cord Stimulation Implantation Surgery.

Objective: To compare the EEG changes in vegetative state (VS) patients and non-craniotomy, non-vegetative state (NVS) patients during general anesthesia with low-dose propofol and to find whether it affects the arousal rate of VS patients.

Methods: Seven vegetative state patients (VS group: five with traumatic brain injury, two with ischemic-hypoxic VS) and five non-craniotomy, non-vegetative state patients (NVS group) treated in the Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital from January to May 2022 were selected. All patients were induced with 0.

Propofol modulates neural dynamics of thalamo-cortical system associated with anesthetic levels in rats.

Unlabelled: The thalamocortical system plays an important role in consciousness. How anesthesia modulates the thalamocortical interactions is not completely known.  We simultaneously recorded local field potentials(LFPs) in thalamic reticular nucleus(TRN) and ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus(VPM), and electrocorticographic(ECoG) activities in frontal and occipital cortices in freely moving rats ( = 11).

An Adaptive Spatial Filtering Method for Multi-Channel EMG Artifact Removal During Functional Electrical Stimulation With Time-Variant Parameters.

Removing the stimulation artifacts evoked by the functional electrical stimulation (FES) in electromyogram (EMG) signals is a challenge. Previous researches on stimulation artifact removal have focused on FES modulation with time-constant parameters, which has limitations when there are time-variant parameters. Therefore, considering the synchronism of muscle activation induced by FES and the asynchronism of muscle activation induced by proprioceptive nerves, we proposed a novel adaptive spatial filtering method called G-S-G.

Kendall transfer entropy: a novel measure for estimating information transfer in complex systems.

Transfer entropy (TE) has been widely used to infer causal relationships among dynamical systems, especially in neuroscience. Kendall transformation provides a novel quantization method for estimating information-theoretic measures and shows potential advantages for small-sample neural signals. But it has yet to be introduced into the framework of TE estimation, which commonly suffers from the limitation of small sample sizes.

The Characteristics of Electroencephalogram Signatures in Minimally Conscious State Patients Induced by General Anesthesia.

Objective: General anesthesia (GA) is necessary for surgery, even for patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS). The characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of the MCS patients under GA are still unclear.

Methods: The EEG during GA were recorded from 10 MCS patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation surgery.

Age-dependent neurovascular coupling characteristics in children and adults during general anesthesia.

General anesthesia is an indispensable procedure in clinical practice. Anesthetic drugs induce dramatic changes in neuronal activity and cerebral metabolism. However, the age-related changes in neurophysiology and hemodynamics during general anesthesia remain unclear.

Tracking the effects of propofol, sevoflurane and (S)-ketamine anesthesia using an unscented Kalman filter-based neural mass model.

. Neural mass model (NMM) has been widely used to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of anesthetic drugs induced general anesthesia (GA). However, whether the parameters of NMM could track the effects of anesthesia still unknown.

Comparative study of attention-related features on attention monitoring systems with a single EEG channel.

The easy-to-use attention monitoring systems usually detect the participant's attentional status via processing electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded from a single FPz channel. But due to the influence of noises and artifacts, the attention-monitoring performance needs to be further improved to suit different individuals and devices. This paper compared the attention-related features extracted using four state-of-the-art methods including delta/beta1 (D/B1), α + β + δ + θ + R, entropy and optimized complex network (OCN).

Improving Attention through Individualized fNIRS Neurofeedback Training: A Pilot Study.

Attention is a particularly important indicator in life, as inattention can lead to many negative consequences. As a non-invasive intervention, real-time neurofeedback training can effectively enhance individuals' attention adjustment abilities. However, previous studies have neglected to consider differences among individuals.

Research on Rehabilitation Training Strategies Using Multimodal Virtual Scene Stimulation.

It is difficult for stroke patients with flaccid paralysis to receive passive rehabilitation training. Therefore, virtual rehabilitation technology that integrates the motor imagery brain-computer interface and virtual reality technology has been applied to the field of stroke rehabilitation and has evolved into a physical rehabilitation training method. This virtual rehabilitation technology can enhance the initiative and adaptability of patient rehabilitation.

Cortical complexity and connectivity during isoflurane-induced general anesthesia: a rat study.

The investigation of neurophysiologic mechanisms of anesthetic drug-induced loss of consciousness (LOC) by using the entropy, complexity, and information integration theories at the mesoscopic level has been a hot topic in recent years. However, systematic research is still lacking.We analyzed electrocorticography (ECoG) data recorded from nine rats during isoflurane-induced unconsciousness.

Spatial complexity method for tracking brain development and degeneration using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Brain complexity analysis using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has attracted attention as a biomarker for evaluating brain development and degeneration processes. However, most methods have focused on the temporal scale without capturing the spatial complexity. In this study, we propose a spatial time-delay entropy (STDE) method as the spatial complexity measure based on the time-delay measure between two oxy-hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) or two deoxy-hemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) oscillations within the 0.

Application of Fast Perturbational Complexity Index to the Diagnosis and Prognosis for Disorders of Consciousness.

Objective: Diagnosis and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a challenge for neuroscience and clinical practice. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is an effective tool to measure the level of consciousness. However, a scientific and accurate method to quantify TMS-evoked activity is still lacking.

A Spatio-Temporal Method for Extracting Gamma-Band Features to Enhance Classification in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task.

Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is a type of electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern commonly used for target recognition. Besides delta- and theta-band responses already used for classification, RSVP task also evokes gamma-band responses having low amplitude and large individual difference. This paper proposes a filter bank spatio-temporal component analysis (FBSCA) method, extracting spatio-temporal features of the gamma-band responses for the first time, to enhance the RSVP classification performance.

Age-dependent cross frequency coupling features from children to adults during general anesthesia.

Background: The frequency coupling characteristics in electroencephalogram (EEG) induced by anesthetics have been well studied in adults, but the investigation of the age-dependent cross frequency coupling features from children to adults is still lacking.

Methods: We analyzed EEG signals recorded from pediatric to adult patients (n = 131), separated into six age groups: <1 year (n = 15), 1-3 years (n = 23), 3-6 years (n = 19), 6-12 years (n = 18), 12-18 years (n = 16), and 18-45 years (n = 40). Age related EEG power and cross frequency coupling analysis (phase amplitude coupling (PAC) and quadratic phase coupling) of data from maintenance of a surgical state of anesthesia (MOSSA) was conducted.

Propofol Anesthesia Decreased the Efficiency of Long-Range Cortical Interaction in Humans.

Objective: Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) has recently been used to illuminate cross-frequency coordination in neurophysiological activity of electroencephalogram. However, the PAC at a meso-scale (electrocorticogram, ECoG) and PAC between different areas have still not been fully clarified.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed ECoG data recorded from surgical patients (n = 9) with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy during the surgical treatment.

Monitoring anesthesia using simultaneous functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography.

Objective: This study aims to understand the neural and hemodynamic responses during general anesthesia in order to develop a comprehensive multimodal anesthesia depth monitor using simultaneous functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalogram (EEG).

Methods: 37 adults and 17 children were monitored with simultaneous fNIRS and EEG, during the complete general anesthesia process. The coupling of fNIRS signals with neuronal signals (EEG) was calculated.