Investigation into the Reinforcement Modification of Natural Plant Fibers and the Sustainable Development of Thermoplastic Natural Plant Fiber Composites.

Natural plant fibers (NPFs) have emerged as a sustainable alternative in the manufacture of composites due to their renewability and low environmental impact. This has led to a significant increase in the use of natural plant fiber-reinforced polymers (NPFRPs) in a variety of industries. The diversity of NPF types brings a wide range of properties and functionalities to NPFRPs, which in turn highlights the urgent need to improve the properties of fiber materials in order to enhance their performance and suitability.

Unraveling the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Purple Zebra Shrimp) (Crustacea: Decapoda) Provides Insights Into Its Phylogenetic Relationships and Gene Order Rearrangements.

Understanding the functions of mitochondrial genomes is crucial for studies related to the evolution of genomes, phylogenomics, and species identification. For the first time, complete mitogenome of a non-snapping shrimp has been successfully sequenced and characterized from Taiwan that belongs to the Decapoda order, Crustacea class, and Caridea infraorder. This study involved analysis of nucleotide composition, codon usage, gene ordering, evolutionary selection pressure, and comparative mitogenomics.

Experimental and Simulation Study on Failure of Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber Composite Laminates under Low-Velocity Impact.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that under low-velocity, low-energy impact conditions, although the surface damage to fiber-reinforced composite laminates may be minimal, significant internal damage can occur. Consequently, a progressive damage finite element model was specifically developed for thermoplastic carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates subjected to low-speed impact loads, with the objective of analyzing the damage behavior of laminates under impacts of varying energy levels. The model utilizes a three-dimensional Hashin criterion for predicting intralayer damage initiation, with cohesive elements based on bilinear traction-separation law for predicting interlaminar delamination initiation, and incorporates a damage constitutive model based on equivalent displacement to characterize fiber damage evolution, along with the B-K criterion for interlaminar damage evolution.

Plantago asiatica seed as a protective agent for mitigating metals toxicity on Penaeusvannamei.

Plantago asiatica seeds (PS) are commonly used as a medicinal plant. This study investigates the efficacy of PS against heavy metal toxicity in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). After feeding PS diet (5 g/kg) or basal diet (control group) for 7 days, shrimps were exposed to sublethal concentrations of heavy metals in seawater (As: 12 mg/L, Pb: 250 mg/L, Hg: 0.

Insecticidal action of mammalian galectin-1-transfected Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: Galectins (GALs) are a family of mammalian sugar-binding proteins specific for β-galactosides. Our previous studies have shown that the larval development of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is significantly disturbed when fed with recombinant mammalian galectin 1 (GAL1) derived from Escherichia coli. To further explore its applicability, two GAL1-overexpressed Arabidopsis [GAL1-Arabidopsis (whole plant) and GAL1-Arabidopsis-vas (vascular bundle-specific)] lines were established for insecticidal activity and mechanism studies.

Application of nZnO supported with nanoclay for improving shrimp immunity.

This study discloses the nanoscale silicate platelet-supported nZnO (ZnONSP) applied as novel feed additives in aquaculture. The preparation of the nanohybrid (ZnO/NSP = 15/85, w/w) was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The effects of ZnONSP on growth, zinc accumulation, stress response, immunity and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were \demonstrated.

Effect of nanoclay supported nanosilver on the growth inhibition of aquatic pathogens and immunomodulatory effect in Penaeusvannamei.

Hybrid of nanosilver and nanoscale silicate platelet (AgNSP) is a safe, non-toxic nanomaterial which has been applied in medical use due to its strong antibacterial activity. The application of AgNSP in aquaculture was first proposed in the present study by evaluating the in vitro antibacterial activities against four aquatic pathogens, in vitro effects toward shrimp haemocytes as well as the immune responses and disease resistance in Penaeus vannamei fed with AgNSP for 7 days. For evaluating the antibacterial activities of AgNSP in culture medium, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 100, 15, 625 and 625 mg/L, respectively.

Accelerating the Layup Sequences Design of Composite Laminates via Theory-Guided Machine Learning Models.

Experimental and numerical investigations are presented for a theory-guided machine learning (ML) model that combines the Hashin failure theory (HFT) and the classical lamination theory (CLT) to optimize and accelerate the design of composite laminates. A finite element simulation with the incorporation of the HFT and CLT were used to generate the training dataset. Instead of directly mapping the relationship between the ply angles of the laminate and its strength and stiffness, a multi-layer interconnected neural network (NN) system was built following the logical sequence of composite theories.

Bioaccumulation of arsenic and immunotoxic effect in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to trivalent arsenic.

Trivalent arsenic (As (III)) contamination in the marine environment can produce adverse effects in crustaceans. The present study investigated the chronic toxicity of As (III) in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by analyzing the tissue bioaccumulation and non-specific immune responses. Shrimps were exposed to 0 (control), 50, 500, and 2500 μg/L of As (III) for 21 days.

Effect of Methylmercury Exposure on Bioaccumulation and Nonspecific Immune Respsonses in Hybrid Grouper × .

Mercury (Hg) is a dangerous heavy metal that can accumulate in fish and is harmful when consumed by humans. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of mercury in the form of methylmercury (MeHg) and evaluated nonspecific immune responses such as phagocytic activity and superoxide anion (O) production in hybrid grouper ( × ). The hybrid grouper leukocytes were incubated with methylmercury chloride (CHHgCl) at concentrations of 10-10,000 µg/L to determine cell viability, phagocytic activity, and O production in vitro.

Leaves' Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against , and Growth in Whiteleg Shrimp ().

Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against , and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp.

Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract enhances immunity, growth, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.

This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract (GLE) on immune responses, growth performance, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). To examine the effect of GLE on the immune response of white shrimps, they were treated with various concentrations of GLE on hemocyte (in vitro) and were orally administered (in vivo) feed containing various concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 g kg GLE (control, GLE1, GLE5, and GLE10, respectively) for 28 days. Furthermore, their growth performance was evaluated for 56 days.

Composition of nanoclay supported silver nanoparticles in furtherance of mitigating cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.

Silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) is well known for its high antibacterial efficacy. However, its toxicity toward mammalian cells is still a concern in clinical applications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the composition effects of Ag-NP supported by silicate nanoplatelet (NSP) with respect to the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and was in reference to the poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-supported Ag-NP (Ag-NP/SMA).

Effects of Phyllanthus amarus extract on nonspecific immune responses, growth, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

This study investigates the effects of Phyllanthus amarus extract (PAE) on immune responses, growth, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In vitro PAE treatment did not alter the cell viability of haemocytes and significantly enhanced immune parameters such as phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytic activity, and superoxide anion (O) production. We conducted two feeding trials to examine the effects of PAE on the growth, disease resistance, and innate immune parameters of white shrimp.

Effects of three medicinal herbs Bidens pilosa, Lonicera japonica, and Cyathula officinalis on growth and non-specific immune responses of cobia (Rachycentron canadum).

This study investigates the effects of three medicinal herbal extracts, namely Bidens pilosa (BPE), Lonicera japonica (LJE), and Cyathula officinalis (COE), on nonspecific immune parameters of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in vitro and in vivo. During in vitro tests, BPE treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner in primary head kidney leukocytes. Similarly, ROS production rates were enhanced by LJE (50 and 100 mg/ml) and COE (100 mg/ml).

β-glucan alleviates the immunosuppressive effects of oxytetracycline on the non-specific immune responses and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus hybrids.

This study was conducted to examine the combinatory effects of β-glucan and oxytetracycline (OTC) on hybrid giant tiger groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus). In vitro tests, OTC significantly reduced superoxide anion production and phagocytic activity in primary head kidney leukocytes. However, this suppressive effect was alleviated by co-treatment with β-glucan.