Hybrid reward-punishment in feedback-evolving game for common resource governance.

How to maintain the sustainability of common resources is a persistent challenge, as overexploiters often undermine collective efforts by prioritizing personal gain. To mitigate the overexploitation of resources by violators, previous theoretical studies have revealed that the introduction of additional incentives, whether to reward rule-abiding cooperators or to punish those who overexploit, can be beneficial for the sustainability of common resources when the resource growth rate is not particularly low. However, these studies have typically considered rewarding and punishing in isolation, thus overlooking the role of their combination in common resource governance.

Promiscuous G-protein activation by the calcium-sensing receptor.

The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) detects fluctuations in the extracellular Ca concentration and maintains Ca homeostasis. It also mediates diverse cellular processes not associated with Ca balance. The functional pleiotropy of CaSR arises in part from its ability to signal through several G-protein subtypes.

Classification of Reservoirs and Fluids in Tight Sandstone Based on the NMR Logging Technique-A Case Study of the Upper Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin.

The Upper Paleozoic strata in the Ordos Basin are dominated by tight sandstone gas reservoirs characterized by strong heterogeneity and widely distributed aquifers. Laterally, there is no evidently continuous distribution of water and gas, and longitudinally, the gas and aquifers are mostly in isolated intersections without uniform gas-water contact, rendering difficulties for effectively identifying the reservoir and fluid properties by using traditional mud logging technology. To solve these problems mentioned, the reservoirs were classified by integrating the spectra of cores obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging, regional geological characteristics, and gas test results.

Effect of Laser Quenching-Shock Peening Strengthening on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr12MoV Steel.

The automobile covering parts mold is a key piece of equipment in the automobile industry, and its drawbead is the core element that affects the life of the mold and the quality of the parts made. Due to the complex structure of the mold cavity for covering parts, there exist differences between material flow characteristics, load conditions, stress strain, failure forms and so on in the surface of different parts of its drawbead and the different directions of the same part of the drawbead, thus putting forward new requirements for material strengthening. For the differentiated lose efficacy forms of the dangerous end faces of the tension bars, this study carried out research into the effect of laser quenching-shock peening strengthening (LQ-LSP) on the organization, plastic deformation resistance and wear resistance of Cr12MoV steel.

Gut-brain circuits for fat preference.

The perception of fat evokes strong appetitive and consummatory responses. Here we show that fat stimuli can induce behavioural attraction even in the absence of a functional taste system. We demonstrate that fat acts after ingestion via the gut-brain axis to drive preference for fat.

BacFlash signals acid-resistance gene expression in bacteria.

Intracellular pH (pH) homeostasis is crucial for cellular functions and signal transduction across all kingdoms of life. In particular, bacterial pH homeostasis is important for physiology, ecology, and pathogenesis. Here we report an exquisite bacterial acid-resistance (AR) mechanism in which proton leak elicits a pre-emptive AR response.