Promoting ClO Generation from the HOCl + HOCl Reaction on Aqueous/Frozen Air-Water Interfaces.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is considered a temporary reservoir of dichlorine monoxide (ClO). Previous studies have suggested that ClO is difficult to generate from the reaction of HOCl + HOCl in the gas phase. Here, we demonstrate that ClO can be generated from the HOCl + HOCl reaction at aqueous/frozen air-water interfaces, which is confirmed by ab initio molecular dynamic calculations.

Multiscale-temporal Feature Extraction and boundary confusion alleviation for VAG-based fine-grained multi-grade osteoarthritis deterioration monitoring.

Background And Objective: Multi-grade osteoarthritis (OA) deterioration monitoring in the daily paradigm using Vibroarthrography (VAG) is very challenging due to two difficulties: (1) the composition of VAG signals is complex in the daily paradigm where friction is intensified because of weight-bearing movements. (2) VAG signal samples near the decision boundary of adjacent deterioration grades are easy to be misclassified. The majority of existing works only focus on the binary classification of OA, providing inadequate assistance in instructing physicians to develop treatment plans based on the presence or absence of OA.

Public trust in general practitioners and its association with primary care contracts: a cross-sectional study of community residents in China.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of public trust in general practitioners (GPs) and its association with primary care contract services (PCCS) in China.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Between September and December 2021, 4158 residents across eastern, central, and western China completed a structured self-administered questionnaire.

Virtual-State Model for Analyzing Electro-Optical Modulation in Ring Resonators.

Ring resonators play a crucial role in optical communication and quantum technology applications. However, these devices lack a simple and intuitive theoretical model to describe their electro-optical modulation. When the resonance frequency is rapidly modulated, the filtering and modulation within a ring resonator become physically intertwined, making it difficult to analyze the complex physical processes involved.

Mechanistic insight into the competition between interfacial and bulk reactions in microdroplets through NO ammonolysis and hydrolysis.

Reactive uptake of dinitrogen pentaoxide (NO) into aqueous aerosols is a major loss channel for NO in the troposphere; however, a quantitative understanding of the uptake mechanism is lacking. Herein, a computational chemistry strategy is developed employing high-level quantum chemical methods; the method offers detailed molecular insight into the hydrolysis and ammonolysis mechanisms of NO in microdroplets. Specifically, our calculations estimate the bulk and interfacial hydrolysis rates to be (2.

Willingness to maintain contracts with family doctors among Chinese residents: results from one national cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis of 25 studies.

Background: A number of studies have investigated the influencing factors regarding the renewal of contracts associated with Family Doctor Contract Services (FDCS) in different regions of China since it was officially implemented in 2009; however, none of the previous studies have been considered using a nationally representative sample in combination with a meta-analysis.

Methods: A multistage stratified sampling method was used to investigate participants' socio-demographic characteristics, health status, understanding, use, and evaluation of the FDCS, and their willingness to renew contracts in Eastern, Central, and Western China from September to November 2021. We searched the PubMed, Ovid Medline, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and SinoMed databases to retrieve previous studies related to the willingness of Chinese residents to renew contracts with their family doctor (FD), and a meta-analysis was performed to systematically summarize the willingness to maintain contracts and influencing factors.

Vibroarthrography-based Knee Lesions Location via Multi-Label Embedding Learning.

Vibration arthrography (VAG) signals are widely utilized for knee pathology recognition due to their non-invasive and radiation-free nature. While most studies focus on determining knee health status, few have examined using VAG signals to locate knee lesions, which would greatly aid physicians in diagnosis and patient monitoring. To address this, we propose using Multi-Label classification (MLC) to efficiently locate different types of lesions within a single input.

Molecular Insights into the Spontaneous Generation of ClO in the Reaction of ClONO and HOCl at the Air-Water Interface.

Chemical processes involving chlorine nitrate (ClONO) at the surface of stratospheric aerosols are crucial to ozone depletion. Herein, we show a reaction route for the formation of ClO, which is a source of stratospheric chlorine, in the ClONO + HOCl reaction at the air-water interface. Our molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations show that the (ClONO)Cl···O(HOCl) halogen bond plays a key role in the reaction and is the main interaction between ClONO and HOCl both at the air-water interface and in the bulk liquid water.

Mechanistic Insights into the Reactive Uptake of Chlorine Nitrate at the Air-Water Interface.

It is well-known that the aqueous-phase processing of chlorine nitrate (ClONO) plays a crucial role in ozone depletion. However, many of the physical and chemical properties of ClONO at the air-water interface or in bulk water are unknown or not understood on a microscopic scale. Here, the solvation and hydrolysis of ClONO at the air-water interface and in bulk water at 300 K were investigated by classical and molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations combined with free energy methods.

Generation of a coherent distributed RF array with a strong positive correlation.

In this work, we present a coherent distributed radio frequency (RF) array, discover and quantitatively describe the strong positive correlation between reconstructed signals for the first time. Eight replicable parallel receivers are connected to the phase-locked common trunk link via eight optical couplers spaced 1 km apart. The forward and backward signals at each receiver, extracted from two ports of optical couplers, are recovered to RF signals separately and then mixed to achieve upward frequency conversion.

Anomalous water transport in narrow-diameter carbon nanotubes.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) mimicking the structure of aquaporins support fast water transport, making them strong candidates for building next-generation high-performance membranes for water treatment. The diffusion and transport behavior of water through CNTs or nanoporous graphene can be fundamentally different from those of bulk water through a macroscopic tube. To date, the nanotube-length-dependent physical transport behavior of water is still largely unexplored.

Microscopic Insight into Water Desalination through Nanoporous Graphene: The Influence of the Dipole Moment.

Nanoporous graphene membranes with controllable pore size and chemical functionality may be one of the most desirable materials for water desalination. Herein, we investigate desalination performance of hydrogen-functionalized nanoporous graphene membranes. The charge values on hydrogen atoms () and carbon atoms at the pore rim are systematically adjusted.

Perinatal exposure to low-level PBDE-47 programs gut microbiota, host metabolism and neurobehavior in adult rats: An integrated analysis.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a major class of flame retardants, have been extensively applied in plastics, electrical equipment, textile fabrics, and so on. Early-life exposure to PBDEs is correlated to neurobehavioral deficits in adulthood, yet the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis and serum metabolites alterations play a role in behavioral abnormalities.

Alleviating Feature Confusion in Cross-Subject Human Activity Recognition via Adversarial Domain Adaptation Strategy.

Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) plays an important role in health care. However, great individual differences limit its application scenarios and affect its performance. Although general domain adaptation methods can alleviate individual differences to a certain extent, the performance of these methods is still not satisfactory, since the feature confusion caused by individual differences tends to be underestimated.

PPG-based Biometric Identification: Discovering and Identifying a New User.

The convenience of Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal acquisition from wearable devices makes it becomes a hot topic in biometric identification. A majority of studies focus on PPG biometric technology in a verification application rather than an identification application. Yet, in the identification application, it is an inevitable problem in discovering and identifying a new user.

End-to-End Versatile Human Activity Recognition with Activity Image Transfer Learning.

Transfer learning is a common solution to address cross-domain identification problems in Human Activity Recognition (HAR). Most existing approaches typically perform cross-subject transferring while ignoring transfers between different sensors or body parts, which limits the application scope of these models. Only a few approaches have been made to design a versatile HAR approach (cross-subject, cross-sensor and cross-body-part).

Monitoring deterioration of knee osteoarthritis using vibration arthrography in daily activities.

Background And Objective: Pathological recognition of knee joint using vibration arthrography (VAG) is increasingly becoming prevailed, due to the non-invasive and non-radiative benefits. However, knee joint health monitoring using VAG signals is a difficult problem, since VAG signals are contaminated by strong motion artifacts (MA) caused by knee movements during daily activities, such as squatting. So far few works have investigated this problem.

Mechanisms of Acid-Promoted N and NO Generation from NHNO and NHNO.

The effects of water, formic acid, and nitric acid on N and NO generation from NHNO and NHNO are studied using high-level quantum-chemical calculations. It is shown that the reaction barriers from isolated NHNO and NHNO are 35.5 and 38.

Janus Graft Block Copolymers: Design of a Polymer Architecture for Independently Tuned Nanostructures and Polymer Properties.

The graft-through synthesis of Janus graft block copolymers (GBCPs) from branched macromonomers composed of various combinations of homopolymers is presented. Self-assembly of GBCPs resulted in ordered nanostructures with ultra-small domain sizes down to 2.8 nm (half-pitch).