Phylogenomic analyses reveal reticulate evolution between and (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).

and are closely related to bamboo genera. However, when considered with newly discovered and morphologically similar material from China and Vietnam, the phylogenetic relationship among these three groups was ambiguous in the analyses based on DNA regions. Here, as a means of investigating the relationships among the three bamboo groups and exploring potential sources of genomic conflicts, we present a phylogenomic examination based on the whole plastome, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and single-copy nuclear (SCN) gene datasets.

Complete plastid genome structure of 13 Asian Justicia (Acanthaceae) species: comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses.

Background: Justicia L. is the largest genus in Acanthaceae Juss. and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

, a new bamboo genus to accommodate the morphologically unique species, (Poaceae).

was confirmed as polyphyletic by recent phylogenetic analyses, with Chinese species of distantly related to those from Japan. Among the Chinese species of , is a morphologically unique as well as taxonomically problematic species endemic to South China, of which the generic designation is still uncertain. Molecular analyses based on both plastid and nuclear genomic data demonstrated that this species is closest to the recently published genus .

 (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new combination supported by morphological and molecular evidence.

This study elucidates the taxonomic position of in considering whether it belongs to or . Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, our results explicitly indicated that should be a member of , rather than , and is a distinct species closely related to , and . Thus, the new combination (B.

Influence of Soil Organic Carbon on the Aroma of Tobacco Leaves and the Structure of Microbial Communities.

The soil organic carbon is associated with the plant quality and the microbial community structure. In the present study, carbon fertilizers were applied to paddy soil to elucidate the relationship between soil carbon and neutral aroma substances in both tobacco and soil microbiome by transcriptome sequencing and 16S rDNA-based analysis, respectively. Our results showed that (1) the increase in soil carbon content was closely correlated with the abundance of microorganisms belonging to two classes (which could potentially affect tobacco plants), namely Gammaproteobacteria and Chloroflexia, (2) soil carbon apparently affected tobacco neutral aroma substances, and (3) soil carbon improved neutral aroma substances by affecting the transcriptional processes of sesquiterpenoid and chlorophyll biosyntheses.

Transcriptome sequencing reveals the effect of biochar improvement on the development of tobacco plants before and after topping.

The application of biochar is one of the most useful methods for improving soil quality, which is of the utmost significance for the continuous production of crops. As there are no conclusive studies on the specific effects of biochar application on tobacco quality, this study aimed to improve the yield and quality of tobacco as a model crop for economic and genetic research in southern China, by such application. We used transcriptome sequencing to reveal the effects of applied biochar on tobacco development before and after topping.

Biochar application significantly affects the N pool and microbial community structure in purple and paddy soils.

Background: The increasing demand for food production has resulted in the use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers. This has created major environmental problems, such as increased ammonia volatilization, NO emission, and nitrogen (N) leaching from agricultural soil. In particular, the utilization rate of N fertilizer is low in subtropical southern parts of China due to high rainfall.

Biochar application on paddy and purple soils in southern China: soil carbon and biotic activity.

Soil carbon reserves are the largest terrestrial carbon pools. Common agricultural practices, such as high fertilization rates and intensive crop rotation, have led to global-scale environmental changes, including decreased soil organic matter, lower carbon/nitrogen ratios and disruption of soil carbon pools. These changes have resulted in a decrease in soil microbial activity, severe reduction in soil fertility and transformation of soil nutrients, thereby causing soil nutrient imbalance, which seriously affects crop production.

The complete chloroplast genome of a Chinese endemic ornamental plant Koehne (Rosaceae).

is a pinnate-leaved deciduous shrub growing in mixed forests in Sichuan province, China. It is one of the least known species in the genus with high ornamental value. In this study, we firstly assembled and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of the species using the next-generation sequencing method.