Calligraphy of Nanoplasmonic Bioink-Based Multiplex Immunosensor for Precision Immune Monitoring and Modulation.

Immunomodulation therapies have attracted immense interest recently for the treatment of immune-related diseases, such as cancer and viral infections. This new wave of enthusiasm for immunomodulators, predominantly revolving around cytokines, has spurred emerging needs and opportunities for novel immune monitoring and diagnostic tools. Considering the highly dynamic immune status and limited window for therapeutic intervention, precise real-time detection of cytokines is critical to effectively monitor and manage the immune system and optimize the therapeutic outcome.

The IBA-ISMO Method for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on VMD-Sample Entropy.

Rolling bearings are important supporting components of large-scale electromechanical equipment. Once a fault occurs, it will cause economic losses, and serious accidents will affect personal safety. Therefore, research on rolling bearing fault diagnosis technology has important engineering practical significance.

Selective Reductive Coupling of Vinyl Azaarenes and Alkynes via Photoredox Cobalt Dual Catalysis.

A visible light-induced Co-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective reductive coupling of vinyl azaarenes and alkynes has been developed. Notably, Hünig's base together with simple ethanol has been successfully applied as the hydrogen sources instead of commonly used Hantzsch esters in this catalytic photoredox reaction. This approach has considerable advantages for the straightforward synthesis of stereodefined multiple substituted alkenes bearing an azaarene motif, such as excellent regioselectivity (>20 : 1 for >30 examples) and stereoselectivity (>20 : 1 E/Z), broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility under mild reaction conditions, which has been utilized in the concise synthesis of natural product monomorine I.

Pd-catalyzed amidation of 1,3-diketones with CO and azides a nitrene intermediate.

An efficient Pd-catalyzed amidation of 1,3-diketones has been developed using carbon monoxide and organic azides. This reaction provides a step-economic approach to produce β-ketoamides from readily available compounds under mild ligand-, oxidant-, and base-free conditions. The mechanistic studies showed that the reaction occurred through an in situ generated isocyanate intermediate.

Effects of Alkaline Cleaning on the Conversion and Transformation of Functional Groups on Ion-Exchange Membranes in Polymer-Flooding Wastewater Treatment: Desalination Performance, Fouling Behavior, and Mechanism.

The aging effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on ion-exchange membranes were systematically studied, including the membrane properties, desalination performance, and fouling behaviors. After aging in NaOH solution, there were minor changes in the cation-exchange membrane (CEM) properties; however, functional groups (i.e.

Intermolecular C-H Amidation of (Hetero)arenes to Produce Amides through Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Nitrene Intermediates.

Amide bond formation is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry because of the widespread presence of amides in pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. Existing methods for amides synthesis are reaching their inherent limits. Described herein is a novel rhodium-catalyzed three-component reaction to synthesize amides from organic azides, carbon monoxide, and (hetero)arenes via nitrene-intermediates and direct C-H functionalization.

Performance and autopsy of nanofiltration membranes at an oil-field wastewater desalination plant.

In this study, the long-term operational performance of an on-site NF facility at a full-scale oil-field wastewater desalination plant was monitored. The NF facility with poor permeability due to membrane fouling enables efficient multivalent salt removal (rejections of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Al were approximately 100%). Moreover, a comparison of the cleaning efficiencies of two on-site cleaning modes indicated that PL-007 cleaning helped to improve the effectiveness of subsequent acid cleaning in the removal of inorganic foulants.

Co(II)/Ag(I) Synergistically Catalyzed Monoinsertion Reaction of Isocyanide to Terminal Alkynes with HO: Synthesis of Alkynamide Derivatives.

A Co(II)/Ag(I) synergistically catalyzed three-component reaction of isocyanide with terminal alkyne and water to afford alkynamide derivatives is reported. The insertion of monoisocyanide into the C-H bond of terminal alkynes is an efficient, straightforward, atom-economical route to alkynamides, which are useful synthons in organic synthesis. This synergistic process achieves the cleavage of a C-H bond and the construction of new C-C and C═O bonds under mild conditions through the reaction of Co(II)-activated isocyanides and a Ag(I)-complex-activated terminal alkyne.

Co-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-Sulfonylcarboxamides from Carboxylic Acids and Sulfonyl Azides.

A Co-catalyzed effective synthesis of N-sulfonylcarboxamides from the reaction of carboxylic acids and organic azides in the presence of isocyanide has been developed. The protocol has the advantages of short time, low temperature, and being oxidant-free, which provides a new and simple approach for the synthesis of N-sulfonylcarboxamides in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope.

Antifouling performance of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes during alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding wastewater treatment: Distinctions and mechanisms.

Alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding wastewater is highly caustic, and membrane fouling is the main obstacle during ASP ultrafiltration (UF) treatment. To maintain favorable filtration performance, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were implemented here, and their antifouling properties and mechanisms were investigated based on the threshold flux theory. Compared with the PVDF membranes, the PTFE membranes exhibited superior antifouling properties with lower reductions in flux and smaller hydraulic resistance, and they presented a nearly identical pseudo-stable fouling rate at a later time point.

Microbial Communities Shaped by Treatment Processes in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant and Their Contribution and Threat to Drinking Water Safety.

Bacteria play an important role in water purification in drinking water treatment systems. On one hand, bacteria present in the untreated water may help in its purification through biodegradation of the contaminants. On the other hand, some bacteria may be human pathogens and pose a threat to consumers.

The influences of separators on capacitive deionization systems in the cycle of adsorption and desorption.

This research focused on the influence of different separator compartments on the performance of capacitive deionization (CDI) cells in terms of brackish water treatment. For comparison, different separators including filter paper(FP), carbon nanotube (CNT), and stainless steel fiber (SSF) on deionization and desorption rate of salt were examined. The best performance was obtained when the CNT separator was packed, followed by SSF and FP.

Cobalt(ii)-catalyzed bis-isocyanide insertion reactions with sulfonyl azides via nitrene radicals: chemoselective synthesis of sulfonylamidyl amide and 3-imine indole derivatives.

A chemoselective Co(ii)-catalyzed effective synthesis of sulfonylamidyl amide and 3-imine indole derivatives by using isocyanides and sulfonyl azides has been developed. This protocol provides a new, environmentally friendly and simple strategy for the efficient synthesis of the sulfonylamidyl amide and 3-imine indole derivatives with a wide range of substrates in the absence of any oxidants and additives.

Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion Reaction with Sulfonyl Azides in Alcohols: Synthesis of Sulfonyl Isoureas.

A Co(II)-catalyzed isocyanide insertion reaction with sulfonyl azides in alcohols to form sulfonyl isoureas via nitrene intermediate has been developed. This protocol provides a new, environmentally friendly, and simple strategy for the synthesis of sulfonyl isourea derivatives by employing a range of substrates under mild conditions.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Annulation of Amides with Isocyanides via C(sp)-H Activation.

A cobalt-catalyzed [4 + 1] cycloaddition of easily accessible amides with isocyanides for the efficient synthesis of 3-iminoisoindolinone derivatives in high yield under mild conditions via intramolecular C(sp)-H activation and isocyanide insertion is reported. The annulation was found to be applicable to a broad range of substrates, including arylamides, heteroarylamides, and acrylamide derivatives. Strongly coordinating N-heterocyclic directing groups such as pyridine, pyrimidine, and even pyrazole were fully tolerated in this cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation reaction.

The involvement of the trisulfur radical anion in electron-catalyzed sulfur insertion reactions: facile synthesis of benzothiazine derivatives under transition metal-free conditions.

An efficient and practical synthesis of benzothiazine by KS initiated sulfur insertion reaction with enaminones electron catalysis is developed. This protocol provides a new, environment-friendly and simple strategy to construct benzothiazine derivatives formation of two C-S bonds under transition metal-free, additive-free and oxidant-free conditions. KS not only provides the sulfur insertion source, but also ignites the reaction through the formation of a trisulfur radical anion and electrons in DMF.

Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck Reaction, C(sp(2))-H Activation, 1,4-Pd Migration, and Aminopalladation: Chemoselective Synthesis of Dihydroindeno[1,2,3-kl]acridines and 3-Arylindoles.

Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction and aminopalladation of N-(2-(1-phenylvinyl)phenyl)aniline for the efficient synthesis of dihydroindeno[1,2,3-kl]acridines and 3-arylindoles via tuning of the phosphine ligands and solvents under two optimized conditions are reported. The reaction follows a 1,4-Pd migration, aminopalladation, C(sp(2))-H activation, as well as five- and six-membered-ring fusion to form different products. The dihydroindeno[1,2,3-kl]acridine derivatives showed higher triplet energy (ET) levels than common blue phosphorescent dopant and may serve as good host candidates for blue triplet emitters.

tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB)-mediated 2-isocyanobiaryl insertion with 1,4-dioxane: efficient synthesis of 6-alkyl phenanthridines via C(sp3)-H/C(sp2)-H bond functionalization.

An efficient method for the construction of 6-alkyl phenanthridines by tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB)-mediated 2-isocyanobiaryl insertion with 1,4-dioxane was established. Two new C-C bonds were formed in this reaction via a sequential C(sp(3))-H/C(sp(2))-H bond functionalization under metal-free conditions.