Negative feedback control of hypothalamic feeding circuits by the taste of food.

The rewarding taste of food is critical for motivating animals to eat, but whether taste has a parallel function in promoting meal termination is not well understood. Here, we show that hunger-promoting agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are rapidly inhibited during each bout of ingestion by a signal linked to the taste of food. Blocking these transient dips in activity via closed-loop optogenetic stimulation increases food intake by selectively delaying the onset of satiety.

Effect of different techniques on removal of residual resin cement and marginal roughness of porcelain laminate veneers.

Statement Of Problem: A consensus regarding how to effectively remove residual resin cement and polish the restoration margin during the cementation of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) is lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different cleaning and polishing techniques on the removal of residual resin cement and margin surface roughness of PLVs.

Material And Methods: PLVs were bonded to prepared buccal surfaces of extracted human premolars.

The impact of different states of type 2 diabetes when stratified by baseline HbA1c on the periodontal outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been considered by many studies to have a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of different states of T2DM when stratified by baseline HbA1c on the clinical outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).

Methods: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and involved an electronic literature search (from inception to the 2nd of January 2023).

Sequential appetite suppression by oral and visceral feedback to the brainstem.

The termination of a meal is controlled by dedicated neural circuits in the caudal brainstem. A key challenge is to understand how these circuits transform the sensory signals generated during feeding into dynamic control of behaviour. The caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) is the first site in the brain where many meal-related signals are sensed and integrated, but how the cNTS processes ingestive feedback during behaviour is unknown.

A combined pig model to determine the net absorption of volatile fatty acids in the large intestine under different levels of crude fiber.

Background: This study aimed to develop a combined model to quantify the net absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the large intestine (LI) of pigs.

Methods: Fifteen female growing pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) were ranked by body weight (30 ± 2.1 kg) on day 0 and assigned to one of three treatments, namely the basal diet containing different crude fiber (CF) levels (LCF: 3.

Is Induced by Short Days in Soybean and May Accelerate Flowering in Transgenic .

Flowering is an important developmental process from vegetative to reproductive growth in plant; thus, it is necessary to analyze the genes involved in the regulation of flowering time. The MADS-box transcription factor family exists widely in plants and plays an important role in the regulation of flowering time. However, the molecular mechanism of involved in the regulation of plant flowering is not very clear.

A regression for estimating metabolizable glucose in diets of weaned piglets for optimal growth performance.

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to provide a new approach for evaluating feed nutritional value by metabolizable glucose (MG) in piglet diets with different levels of starch and crude fiber. In Exp 1, a regression equation for MG was generated. In Exp 2, the equation was verified, and the optimal growth performance of piglets under appropriate MG levels was tested.

An RNAi screen for secreted factors and cell-surface players in coordinating neuron and glia development in Drosophila.

The establishment of the functional nervous system requires coordinated development of neurons and glia in the embryo. Our understanding of underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, however, remains limited. The developing Drosophila visual system is an excellent model for understanding the developmental control of the nervous system.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate Enhance the Bonding Stability of an Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive to Dentin.

This study evaluated epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin-3--(3--methyl)-gallate (EGCG-3Me) modified etch-and-rinse adhesives (Single Bond 2, SB 2) for their antibacterial effect and bonding stability to dentin. EGCG-3Me was isolated and purified with column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. EGCG and EGCG-3Me were incorporated separately into the adhesive SB 2 at concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 µg/mL.

The effect of active components from citrus fruits on dentin MMPs.

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) ability of active components from citrus fruits (hesperetin: Hst, hesperidin: Hsd and naringenin: Nge).

Methods: Inactivation effects of citrus flavonoids (Hst, Hsd, Nge) at different concentrations on soluble collagenase were measured using a fluorometric assay. Matrix-bound endogenous MMPs activity was evaluated via dry mass loss and hydroxyproline (HYP) release of demineralized human dentin.

Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the bond strength of fiber posts to Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treated intraradicular dentin.

This study was to evaluate the effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the bond strength of two adhesive systems to the Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treated intraradicular dentin. The roots were accepted regular root canal treatments and post space preparations, and further divided into eight groups according to the four post space pretreatments and two dentin adhesives [Single Bond 2 (SB2) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSB)] used. The push-out strength before and after thermocycling in different root region (coronal and apical), DC of the adhesive and morphologic patterns of treated post space were evaluated.

HIC1 and miR-23~27~24 clusters form a double-negative feedback loop in breast cancer.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a major regulator of the initiation and progression of human cancers, including breast cancer. However, the cooperative effects and transcriptional regulation of multiple miRNAs, especially miRNAs that are present in clusters, remain largely undiscovered. Here we showed that all members of the miR-23~27~24 clusters are upregulated and function as oncogenes in breast cancer and simultaneously target HIC1.

miR-124-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting CBL.

Background: The origin and development of breast cancer remain complex and obscure. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been identified as an important regulator of the initiation and progression of breast cancer, and some studies have shown the essential role of miR-124-3p as a tumor suppressor in breast tumorigenesis. However, the detailed role of miR-124-3p in breast cancer remains poorly understood.

Effect of an Antibacterial Monomer on the Antibacterial Activity of a Pit-and-Fissure Sealant.

Resin-based pit-and-fissure sealants are often used to form a barrier on the occlusal surface of molars to treat caries lesions; however, bacteria can remain in the pit and fissures without detection, increasing the risk of secondary caries. Sealants with antimicrobial properties or microbial repellent actions might be advantageous. The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of a 2-methacryloxylethyl dodecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-DB)-incorporated sealant against Streptococcus mutans.

Targeted exosome-mediated delivery of opioid receptor Mu siRNA for the treatment of morphine relapse.

Cell-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to be efficient carriers of small RNAs to neighbouring or distant cells, highlighting the preponderance of exosomes as carriers for gene therapy over other artificial delivery tools. In the present study, we employed modified exosomes expressing the neuron-specific rabies viral glycoprotein (RVG) peptide on the membrane surface to deliver opioid receptor mu (MOR) siRNA into the brain to treat morphine addiction. We found that MOR siRNA could be efficiently packaged into RVG exosomes and was associated with argonaute 2 (AGO2) in exosomes.

The transcription factor c-Myc suppresses MiR-23b and MiR-27b transcription during fetal distress and increases the sensitivity of neurons to hypoxia-induced apoptosis.

Previous studies reported that the expression of miR-23b-27b cluster was downregulated in embryonic brain cortices during hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying this downregulation is not completely understood. Here, we report that the transcription factor c-Myc plays an important role in regulating the expression of miR-23b-27b cluster during hypoxia.

Trigger factor of Streptococcus suis is involved in stress tolerance and virulence.

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes serious diseases such as meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, arthritis and septic shock in pigs and humans. Little is known about the regulation of virulence gene expression in S. suis serotype 2.