Development of a laser scanning projection system with a dual-diameter fitting method and particle swarm optimization.

Laser scanning projection can project outlines of assembled components onto a work surface accurately, which can improve assembly efficiency, and is widely applied in industry manufacturing. In order to achieve accurate calibration and projection, a mathematical model of the calibration process is developed, and the dual-diameter fitting method is proposed to extract the central positions of retroreflective targets. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to solve the coordinate transformation matrix between the world frame and the projector frame, and the optimal parameters of the PSO algorithm are obtained to improve the convergence probability of the transformation matrix solutions.