Rechargeable Lithium-Hydrogen Gas Batteries.

The global clean energy transition and carbon neutrality call for developing high-performance batteries. Here we report a rechargeable lithium metal - catalytic hydrogen gas (Li-H) battery utilizing two of the lightest elements, Li and H. The Li-H battery operates through redox of H/H on the cathode and Li/Li on the anode.

An All-Climate Nonaqueous Hydrogen Gas-Proton Battery.

Rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries, driven by hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR), are emerging grid-scale energy storage technologies owing to their low cost and superb cycle life. However, compared with aqueous electrolytes, the HER/HOR activities in nonaqueous electrolytes have rarely been studied. Here, for the first time, we develop a nonaqueous proton electrolyte (NAPE) for a high-performance hydrogen gas-proton battery for all-climate energy storage applications.

Non-Noble Metal High-Entropy Alloy-Based Catalytic Electrode for Long-Life Hydrogen Gas Batteries.

The development of efficient, stable, and low-cost bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) is critical to promote the application of hydrogen gas batteries in large scale energy storage systems. Here we demonstrate a non-noble metal high-entropy alloy grown on Cu foam (NNM-HEA@CF) as a self-supported catalytic electrode for nickel-hydrogen gas (Ni-H) batteries. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the NNM-HEA catalyst greatly facilitates the HER/HOR catalytic process through the optimized electronic structures of the active sites.

Rechargeable Hydrogen-Chlorine Battery Operates in a Wide Temperature Range.

Hydrogen-chlorine (H-Cl) fuel cells have distinct merits due to fast electrochemical kinetics but are afflicted by high cost, low efficiency, and poor reversibility. The development of a rechargeable H-Cl battery is highly desirable yet challenging. Here, we report a rechargeable H-Cl battery operating statically in a wide temperature ranging from -70 to 40 °C, which is enabled by a reversible Cl/Cl redox cathode and an electrocatalytic H anode.

Aqueous Organic Hydrogen Gas Proton Batteries with Ultrahigh-Rate and Ultralow-Temperature Performance.

Aqueous proton batteries (APBs) have emerged as one of the most promising batteries for large-scale energy storage technology. However, they usually show an undesirable electrochemical performance. Herein, we demonstrate a novel aqueous catalytic hydrogen gas powered organic proton (HOP) battery, which is driven by hydrogen evolution/oxidation redox reactions via commercial nanocatalysts on the anode and coordination/decoordination reactions of C═O with H on the cathode.

Balancing Interfacial Reactions through Regulating p-Band Centers by an Indium Tin Oxide Protective Layer for Stable Zn Metal Anodes.

Metallic zinc (Zn) is considered as one of the most attractive anode materials for the post-lithium metal battery systems owing to the high theoretical capacity, low cost, and intrinsic safety. However, the Zn dendrites and parasitic side reaction impede its application. Herein, we propose a new principle of regulating p-band center of metal oxide protective coating to balance Zn adsorption energy and migration energy barrier for effective Zn deposition and stripping.

Anions Regulation Engineering Enables a Highly Reversible and Dendrite-Free Nickel-Metal Anode with Ultrahigh Capacities.

The development of safe and high-energy metal anodes represents a crucial research direction. Here, the achievement of highly reversible, dendrite-free transition metal anodes with ultrahigh capacities by regulating aqueous electrolytes is reported. Using nickel (Ni) as a model, theoretical and experimental evidence demonstrating the beneficial role of chloride ions in inhibiting and disrupting the nickel hydroxide passivation layer on the Ni electrode is provided.

Ultrafast Electrical Pulse Synthesis of Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Beyond-Industrial-Level Hydrogen Gas Batteries.

The high reliability and proven ultra-longevity make aqueous hydrogen gas (H ) batteries ideal for large-scale energy storage. However, the low alkaline hydrogen evolution and oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) activities of expensive platinum catalysts severely hamper their widespread applications in H batteries. Here, cost-effective, highly active electrocatalysts, with a model of ruthenium-nickel alloy nanoparticles in ≈3 nm anchored on carbon black (RuNi/C) as an example, are developed by an ultrafast electrical pulse approach for nickel-hydrogen gas (NiH ) batteries.

Reversible, Dendrite-Free, High-Capacity Aluminum Metal Anode Enabled by Aluminophilic Interface Layer.

Aluminum (Al) metal is an attractive anode material for next-generation rechargeable batteries, because of its low cost and high capacities. However, it brings some fundamental issues such as dendrites, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and low utilization. Here, we propose a strategy for constructing an ultrathin aluminophilic interface layer (AIL) to regulate the Al nucleation and growth behaviors, which enables highly reversible and dendrite-free Al plating/stripping under high areal capacity.

pH-Universal Decoupled Water Electrolysis Enabled by Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Gas Capacitive Chemistry.

In conventional water electrolysis (CWE), the H and O evolution reactions (HER/OER) are tightly coupled, making the generated H and O difficult to separate, thus resulting in complex separation technology and potential safety issues. Previous efforts on the design of decoupled water electrolysis mainly concentrated on multi-electrode or multi-cell configurations; however, these strategies have the limitation of involving complicated operations. Here, we propose and demonstrate a pH-universal, two-electrode capacitive decoupled water electrolyzer (referred to as all-pH-CDWE) in a single-cell configuration by utilizing a low-cost capacitive electrode and a bifunctional HER/OER electrode to separate H and O generation for decoupling water electrolysis.

Constructing robust heterostructured interface for anode-free zinc batteries with ultrahigh capacities.

The development of Zn-free anodes to inhibit Zn dendrite formation and modulate high-capacity Zn batteries is highly applauded yet very challenging. Here, we design a robust two-dimensional antimony/antimony-zinc alloy heterostructured interface to regulate Zn plating. Benefiting from the stronger adsorption and homogeneous electric field distribution of the Sb/SbZn-heterostructured interface in Zn plating, the Zn anode enables an ultrahigh areal capacity of 200 mAh cm with an overpotential of 112 mV and a Coulombic efficiency of 98.

Ultralow-Temperature Aqueous Conductive Polymer-Hydrogen Gas Battery.

Hydrogen gas batteries are regarded as one of the most promising rechargeable battery systems for large-scale energy storage applications due to their advantages of high rates and long-term cycle lives. However, the development of cost-effective and low-temperature-tolerant hydrogen gas batteries is highly desirable yet very challenging. Herein, we report a novel conductive polymer-hydrogen gas battery that is suitable for ultralow-temperature energy storage applications and consists of a hydrogen gas anode, a conductive polymer cathode using polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole as examples, and protonic acidic electrolytes.

Descriptor-Driven Computational Design of Bifunctional Double-Atom Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reaction Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Hydrogen Gas Batteries.

Rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries (RHGBs) have been attracting much attention as promising all-climate large-scale energy storage devices, which calls for low-cost and high-activity hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) bifunctional electrocatalysts to replace the costly platinum-based catalysts. Based on density functional theory (DFT) computations, herein we report an effective descriptor-driven design principle to govern the HER/HOR electrocatalytic activity of double-atom catalysts (DACs) for RHGBs. We systematically investigate the -band center variation of DACs and their correlations with HER/HOR free energies.

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage.

Ever-increasing global energy consumption has driven the development of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with high electrochemical performance are critical for enabling renewable yet intermittent sources of energy such as solar and wind. In recent years, numerous new battery technologies have been achieved and showed great potential for grid scale energy storage (GSES) applications.

Superior Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries Enabled by the High-Speed Solid-State Lithium Transport of an Intermetallic Cu Sn Network.

Superior fast charging is a desirable capability of lithium-ion batteries, which can make electric vehicles a strong competition to traditional fuel vehicles. However, the slow transport of solvated lithium ions in liquid electrolytes is a limiting factor. Here, a Li Cu Sn intermetallic network is reported to address this issue.

Production of a hybrid capacitive storage device via hydrogen gas and carbon electrodes coupling.

Conventional electric double-layer capacitors are energy storage devices with a high specific power and extended cycle life. However, the low energy content of this class of devices acts as a stumbling block to widespread adoption in the energy storage field. To circumvent the low-energy drawback of electric double-layer capacitors, here we report the assembly and testing of a hybrid device called electrocatalytic hydrogen gas capacitor containing a hydrogen gas negative electrode and a carbon-based positive electrode.

Extremely fast-charging lithium ion battery enabled by dual-gradient structure design.

Extremely fast-charging lithium-ion batteries are highly desirable to shorten the recharging time for electric vehicles, but it is hampered by the poor rate capability of graphite anodes. Here, we present a previously unreported particle size and electrode porosity dual-gradient structure design in the graphite anode for achieving extremely fast-charging lithium ion battery under strict electrode conditions. We develop a polymer binder-free slurry route to construct this previously unreported type particle size-porosity dual-gradient structure in the practical graphite anode showing the extremely fast-charging capability with 60% of recharge in 10 min.

[Ectopic thyroid carcinoma in front of hyoid bone misdiagnosed as thyroglossal cyst：a case report].

A clinical case of ectopic thyroid carcinoma in front of hyoid bone was reported in this paper. The patient, a 17-year-old female, presented with an enlarging neck mass of 1-week history. Physical examination revealed a 3 cm×2 cm neck mass in front of the hyoid bone.

Facile Fabrication of Bifunctional Hydrogen Catalytic Electrodes for Long-Life Nickel-Hydrogen Gas Batteries.

The renaissance of long-lasting nickel-hydrogen gas (Ni-H) battery by developing efficient, robust, and affordable hydrogen anode to replace Pt is particularly attractive for large-scale energy storage applications. Here, we demonstrate an extremely facile corrosion induced fabrication approach to achieve a self-supporting hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) bifunctional nanosheet array electrode for Ni-H battery. The electrode is constituted by ultrafine Ru nanoparticles on Ni(OH) nanosheets grown on nickel foam.

The Importance of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Progression and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target.

Binding of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can lead to the inactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which is one of the mechanisms for immune escape of tumors. Immunotherapy based on this mechanism has been applied in clinic with some remaining issues such as drug resistance. Exosomal PD-L1 derived from tumor cells is considered to play a key role in mediating drug resistance.

An Ultrafast and Ultra-Low-Temperature Hydrogen Gas-Proton Battery.

Aqueous proton batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy technologies for next-generation grid storage due to the distinctive merits of H charge carriers with small ionic radius and light weight. Various materials have been explored for aqueous proton batteries; however, their full batteries show undesirable electrochemical performance with limited rate capability and cycling stability. Here we introduce a novel aqueous proton full battery that shows remarkable rate capability, cycling stability, and ultralow temperature performance, which is driven by a hydrogen gas anode and a Prussian blue analogue cathode in a concentrated phosphoric acid electrolyte.

Electrode-Less MnO -Metal Batteries with Deposition and Stripping Chemistry.

Electrode materials are key components in typical batteries, where the electrodes are generally fabricated onto current collectors in solid forms and are isolated by a separator. However, the preparation of the electrodes increases the fabrication complexity, which speeds down their large-scale production. Here, series of static electrode-less MnO -metal batteries are presented that are facilely fabricated by using carbon current collectors and electrolytes.

A High-Rate Lithium Manganese Oxide-Hydrogen Battery.

Rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries show promises for the integration of renewable yet intermittent solar and wind electricity into the grid energy storage. Here, we describe a rechargeable, high-rate, and long-life hydrogen gas battery that exploits a nanostructured lithium manganese oxide cathode and a hydrogen gas anode in an aqueous electrolyte. The proposed lithium manganese oxide-hydrogen battery shows a discharge potential of ∼1.