Facile Interfacial Reduction Suppresses Redox Chemical Expansion and Promotes the Polaronic to Ionic Transition in Mixed Conducting (Pr,Ce)O Nanoparticles.

Mixed ionic/electronic conductors (MIECs) are essential components of solid-state electrochemical devices, such as solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells. For efficient performance, MIECs are typically nanostructured, to enhance the reaction kinetics. However, the effect of nanostructuring on MIEC chemo-mechanical coupling and transport properties, which also impact cell durability and efficiency, has not yet been well understood.

A R2R3-MYB transcription factor, FeR2R3-MYB, positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and drought tolerance in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum).

The R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating plant secondary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, yet they are still poorly understood in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), a valuable minor grain crop resource. In this study, a candidate gene, FeR2R3-MYB, was cloned from the anthocyanin-rich common buckwheat variety 'QZZTQ'. FeR2R3-MYB was found to contain two MYB DNA-binding domains and be located at the nucleus with transcriptional activation activity.

A gain-of-function mutation at the C-terminus of FT-D1 promotes heading by interacting with 14-3-3A and FDL6 in wheat.

Vernalization and photoperiod pathways converging at FT1 control the transition to flowering in wheat. Here, we identified a gain-of-function mutation in FT-D1 that results in earlier heading date (HD), and shorter plant height and spike length in the gamma ray-induced eh1 wheat mutant. Knockout of the wild-type and overexpression of the mutated FT-D1 indicate that both alleles are functional to affect HD and plant height.

Wheat lesion mimic homology gene TaCAT2 enhances plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) refer to the spontaneous formation of disease-like spots on leaves without any obvious pathogen infection. The LMM genes can regulate plant immunity, thus promoting the defense of crops against pathogens. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the regulatory mechanism of LMMs in wheat.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of U-Box Gene Family Members and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns in L. under Cold Stress.

The common bean ( L.) is an economically important food crop grown worldwide; however, its production is affected by various environmental stresses, including cold, heat, and drought stress. The plant U-box (PUB) protein family participates in various biological processes and stress responses, but the gene function and expression patterns of its members in the common bean remain unclear.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in response to waterlogging stress in rye (Secale cereale L.).

Background: Waterlogging stress (WS) negatively impacts crop growth and productivity, making it important to understand crop resistance processes and discover useful WS resistance genes. In this study, rye cultivars and wild rye species were subjected to 12-day WS treatment, and the cultivar Secale cereale L. Imperil showed higher tolerance.

Effector PsAvh113 Targets Transcription Factors in .

is a type of pathogenic oomycete that causes root stem rot (PRSR), which can seriously affect the soybean yield and quality. To subvert immunity, secretes a large quantity of effectors. However, the molecular mechanisms regulated by most effectors, and their host targets remain unexplored.

In situ observation of the atomic shuffles during the { } twinning in hexagonal close-packed rhenium.

Twinning, on par with dislocations, is critically required in plastic deformation of hexagonal close-packed crystals at low temperatures. In contrast to that in cubic-structured crystals, twinning in hexagonal close-packed crystals requires atomic shuffles in addition to shear. Though the twinning shear that is carried by twinning dislocations has been captured for decades, direct experimental observation of the atomic shuffles, especially when the shuffling mode is not unique and does not confine to the plane of shear, remains a formidable challenge to date.

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Mechanisms of Nutrient Accumulation in Spinach.

Spinach is a significant source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These nutrients make it delicious and beneficial for human health. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the accumulation of nutrients in spinach remains unclear.

Two QTL regions for spike length showing pleiotropic effects on Fusarium head blight resistance and thousand-grain weight in bread wheat ( L.).

Unlabelled: Spike length (SL) plays an important role in the yield improvement of wheat and is significantly associated with other traits. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Yangmai 12 (YM12) and Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) to construct a genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SL. A total of 5 QTL were identified for SL, among which and are two novel QTL for SL.

Carbohydrate metabolism and cytology of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat.

Introduction: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important tool for hybrid heterosis utilization. However, the underlying mechanisms still need to be discovered. An adequate supply of nutrients is necessary for anther development; pollen abortion would occur if the metabolism of carbohydrates were hampered.

Double roles of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 in wheat stress tolerance and photosynthesis.

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins are encoded by nucleus genes and widely involve in capturing light energy, transferring energy, and responding to various stresses. However, their roles in wheat photosynthesis and stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here, Triticum aestivumlight-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein TaLhc2 was identified.

Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Gene Family in Wheat ().

Unknown functional domain (DUF) proteins constitute a large number of functionally uncharacterized protein families in eukaryotes. DUF724s play crucial roles in plants. However, the insight understanding of wheat is currently lacking.

Genome-wide characterization of L-aspartate oxidase genes in wheat and their potential roles in the responses to wheat disease and abiotic stresses.

L-aspartate oxidase (AO) is the first enzyme in NAD biosynthesis and is widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Recently, AO family members have been reported in several plants, including and . Research on AO in these plants has revealed that AO plays important roles in plant growth, development, and biotic stresses; however, the nature and functions of AO proteins in wheat are still unclear.

Fine mapping and genetic analysis identified a CH-type zinc finger as a candidate gene for heading date regulation in wheat.

A minor-effect QTL, Qhd.2AS, that affects heading date in wheat was mapped to a genomic interval of 1.70-Mb on 2AS, and gene analysis indicated that the CH-type zinc finger protein gene TraesCS2A02G181200 is the best candidate for Qhd.

Silica nanoparticles promote wheat growth by mediating hormones and sugar metabolism.

Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on plant growth and development, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of SiNPs-mediated plant growth strengthening are still unclear, especially under field condition. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field.

Identification and utilization of a new XY-1 against Fusarium head blight.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a global wheat grain disease caused by . Biological control of FHB is considered to be an alternative disease management strategy that is environmentally benign, durable, and compatible with other control measures. In this study, to screen antagonistic bacteria with the potential to against FHB, 45 strains were isolated from different tissues of wheat.

Atomic-scale observation of dynamic grain boundary structural transformation during shear-mediated migration.

Grain boundary (GB) structural change is commonly observed during and after stress-driven GB migration in nanocrystalline materials, but its exact atomic scale transformation has not been explored experimentally. Here, using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations, we observed the dynamic GB structural transformation stemming from reversible facet transformation and GB dissociation during the shear-mediated migration of faceted GBs in gold nanocrystals. A reversible transformation was found to occur between (002)/(111) and Σ11(113) GB facets, accomplished by the coalescence and detachment of [Formula: see text]-type GB steps or disconnections that mediated the GB migration.

Physiological and Differential Proteomic Analysis at Seedling Stage by Induction of Heavy-Ion Beam Radiation in Wheat Seeds.

Novel genetic variations can be obtained by inducing mutations in the plant which help to achieve novel traits. The useful mutant can be obtained through radiation mutation in a short period which can be used as a new material to produce new varieties with high yield and good quality wheat. In this paper, the proteomic analysis of wheat treated with different doses of C and Li ion beam radiation at the seedling stage was carried out through a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) tagging quantitative proteomic analysis platform based on high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the traditional Co-γ-ray radiation treatment for reference.

TMT-based comparative proteomics reveals the role of acyl-CoA oxidase 4 in enhancing the drought stress tolerance in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum).

Drought stress has been the main abiotic factor affecting the growth, development and production of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). To explore the response mechanisms of regulating buckwheat drought stress on the post-transcriptional and translational levels, a comparative proteomic analysis was applied to monitor the short-term proteomic variations under the drought stress in the seedling stage. From which 593 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified using the TMT-based proteomics analysis.

Genome-Wide and Exome-Capturing Sequencing of a Gamma-Ray-Induced Mutant Reveals Biased Variations in Common Wheat.

Induced mutagenesis is a powerful approach for the creation of novel germplasm and the improvement of agronomic traits. The evaluation of mutagenic effects and functional variations in crops is needed for breeding mutant strains. To investigate the mutagenic effects of gamma-ray irradiation in wheat, this study characterized genomic variations of wheat early heading mutant () as compared to wild-type (WT) Zhongyuan 9 (ZY9).

Atomistic processes of surface-diffusion-induced abnormal softening in nanoscale metallic crystals.

Ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio in nanoscale materials, could dramatically facilitate mass transport, leading to surface-mediated diffusion similar to Coble-type creep in polycrystalline materials. Unfortunately, the Coble creep is just a conceptual model, and the associated physical mechanisms of mass transport have never been revealed at atomic scale. Akin to the ambiguities in Coble creep, atomic surface diffusion in nanoscale crystals remains largely unclear, especially when mediating yielding and plastic flow.