Deep-learning approach to measuring the refractive index of transparent liquids.

A deep-learning approach is introduced to determine the refractive index of transparent liquids based on variations in the displacement of ultra-smooth interference fringes. The phase characteristics of these fringe variations captured in video data were analyzed and modeled using group-phase fitting. A neural network model, integrating a dense convolutional network with a long short-term memory network, was then developed and trained for high-precision liquid refractive index measurements.

Ameliorative Role of Mitochondrial Therapy in Cognitive Function of Vascular Dementia Mice.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the progression of vascular dementia (VaD). We hypothesized that transfer of exogenous mitochondria might be a beneficial strategy for VaD treatment.

Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial therapy in cognitive function of VaD.

Academic cheating interferes with learning among middle school children.

There has been extensive research on the causes of academic cheating, but little is known about its consequences. The current research sought to fill this gap in the literature by examining how cheating by middle school children (total N = 198) affects their learning outcomes. In a naturalistic paradigm, children scored a math test they had taken previously, which gave them an opportunity to cheat by falsely scoring incorrect answers to be correct.

Functional roles of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: Implications of gut microbiota-targeted therapy.

Increasing scientific evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota influences normal physiological homeostasis and contributes to pathogenesis, ranging from obesity to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gut microbiota can interact with the central nervous system (CNS) through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The interaction is mediated by microbial secretions, metabolic interventions, and neural stimulation.

Probucol, a "non-statin" cholesterol-lowering drug, ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive deficits by alleviating oxidative stress via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in mice.

Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ameliorating oxidative damage is therefore considered as a beneficial strategy for the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Probucol (Prob), a lipid-lowering prototype agent, was reported to treat cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.

Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of Acridine Thiosemicarbazides Derivatives.

Acridine and thiourea derivatives are important compounds in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological properties including anticancer and antimicrobial effects. However, literature reveals some side effects associated with use of acridines. It is suggested that hybrid molecules may reduce the side effects and enhance the beneficial properties due to synergistic activity.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Profiles of Alzheimer's Disease Associated Circular RNAs in a Panax Notoginseng Saponins-Treated Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in AD pathogenesis. Thus, developing therapeutic candidates targeting circRNA may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Our previous studies showed that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could significantly prohibit the pathological progress of AD.

Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of Alzheimer's disease associated circular RNAs in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel kind of non-coding RNA, have received increasing attention for their involvement in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, few studies have reported in the characterization and function of AD associated circRNAs. Here the expression profiles of circRNAs in 5- and 10-month-old SAMP8 mice were identified using circRNA microarray and found that 85 dysregulated circRNAs were observed in 10-month-old SAMP8 versus control mice and 231 circRNAs exhibited differential expression in 10-month-old SAMP8 versus 5-month-old SAMP8. One most significantly dysregulated circRNA, mmu_circRNA_017963, was select for Gene Oncology (GO) and pathway analysis.

Fraction n-Butanol of Radix Notoginseng Protects PC12 Cells from A-Induced Cytotoxicity and Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and A Accumulation.

Chinese medicine has been used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment for thousands of years with more effective and fewer side effects. Therefore, developing effective potential candidates from Chinese medicine against AD would be considered as critical and efficient therapy for AD treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the neuronal protective effect of fraction n-butanol (NB) of Radix Notoginseng on A-induced PC12 cells, explore the effect of the tested fraction on spatial learning and memory, and characterize the impacts of fraction NB on antioxidant enzymes, A production, and APP and BACE1 expressions.

[Preliminary establishment of integration of Alzheimer's disease and blood stasis syndrome tree shrew model and evaluation of intervention of Panax notoginseng saponins].

To establish the integration of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and blood stasis syndrome tree shrew model. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) was used to intervene the model to testify the stability of the model. The level of blood stasis of each group in the tree shrew model was evaluated by analyzing five traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) characterizations, four blood coagulation indexes, plasma nitric oxide (NO) level, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in each group.

Neuroprotective Properties of Saponins via Preventing Oxidative Stress Injury in SAMP8 Mice.

Inhibiting oxidative damage in early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as a strategy for AD treatment. Our previous study has shown that saponins (PNS) have an antiaging action by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the serum of aged rats. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PNS on antioxidant enzymes and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) involved in oxidative stress in AD mice.

Flower Extracts Attenuate Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in Malignant Cells through Inducing DNA Damage and Inhibiting Topoisomerase II Activity.

Most of the existing chemotherapeutic drugs have plenty of side effects. Chinese herbal medicine has been used for pharmaceutical and dietary therapy for thousands of years with more effective and fewer side effects. (CN) has long been used to treat digestive diseases for centuries in China.

[Study on Chemical Composition of Phyllanthus emblica].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus emblica.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, polyamide and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical proper- ties and spectral analysis.

[Protective effect of serum containing n-butanol fraction from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on NG108-15 cell apoptosis induced by Aβ25.35 protein].

Objective: To investigate the inhibition effect of serum containing n-butanol fractions from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on NG108-15 cell apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 protein in vitro.

Methods: The apoptosis of NG108-15 cells induced by Aβ25-35 protein in vitro was evaluated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay. The cellular Caspase-3 level during the apoptosis was determined by ELISA.

Effects of Panax notoginseng saponin on α, β, and γ secretase involved in Aβ deposition in SAMP8 mice.

Our previous studies have shown that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) play a protective role in learning dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease, inhibit the deposition of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, and reduce the content of App in the brain of SAMP8. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PNS on α, β, and γ secretase involved in Aβ generation in SAMP8 mice. The results showed that PNS increased α-secretase activity perhaps by enhancing the level of ADAM9 expression, which itself was achieved by upregulating the expression of the ADAM9 gene.

[Effect of PNS on the activity and content of BACE1 in the brain of SAMP8 mice with Alzheimer's disease].

Objective: To explore the effect of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) on the activity and content of beta-secretase in the brain of senescence accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Totally 32 SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the high dose PNS group (200 mg/kg), the low dose group (100 mg/kg), and the huperzine A group (0.3 mg/kg), 8 in each group.

[Study on the effect of extracts from the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica on immune function of mice].

Objective: To explore the effect of extracts from the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica (PLFs) on the immune function of mice.

Methods: 70 Kunming mice were choosed to conduct the acute toxicity test of PLFs. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: PLFs high-dosage group, mid-dosage group, low-dosage group and control group.

[The effect of PNS on the content and activity of alpha-secretase in the brains of SAMP8 mice with alzheimer's disease].

Objective: To explore the effects of PNS on the content and activity of alpha-secretase in the brains of SAMP8 mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into four groups: PNS high-dosage group, PNS low-dosage group, huperzine A group and control group. The high-dosage group and low-dosage group were treated with 200 and 100 mg/kg PNS respectively per day and the huperzine A group was treated with 0.

[Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on expression of alpha-secretase mRNA in brains of senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice].

Objective: To study the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on expression of alpha-aecretase mRNA in the brains of senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice.

Method: SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the control group, the PNS high-dosage group (200 mg x kg(-1)), the PNS low-dosage group (100 mg x kg(-1)) and the huperzine A group (0.3 mg x kg(-1)), with eight mice in each group.

[Study of galic acid extracted from the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica on apoptotic mechanism of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells BEL-7404].

Objective: To explore the mechanism of apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells BEL-7404 induced by Galic acid extracted from leaves of Phyllanthus emblica.

Methods: PI/Hoechst33342 double staining method was utilized to observe the influence on cell life cycle. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 protein were determined by fluorescence immunostaining and Western blot.

[Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on APP gene transcription in the brain tissue of SAMP8].

Objective: To study the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on learning and memory ability and APP gene transcription in the brain tissue in senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8).

Methods: SAMP8 were randomly divided into high-does PNS group, low-does PNS group, huperzin A group and model group,the treatment groups were treated with the designed drugs respectively by intragastric administration for 4 consecutive weeks. The same volume of double distilled water was given to model group.

Progallin A isolated from the acetic ether part of the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica L. induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7404 cells by up-regulation of Bax expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Aim Of The Study: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Progallin A isolated from the acetic ether part of the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica L. on apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7404 cells and its possible mechanisms, and to measure the immune toxicity of Progallin A in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Progallin A was isolated from the acetic ether part of the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica L.

[The effect of gallic acid extracted from leaves of Phyllanthus emblica on apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7404 cells].

Objective: To explore the effect of gallic acid extracted from Leaves of Phyllanthus emblica on the apoptosis of BEL-7404 cells.

Methods: MTT assay was applied to detect the influence on prolifetation in vitro. Inverted microscope was utilized to observe the morphological changes after BEL-7404 cells were treated with gallic acid.