Causal effect of thyroid cancer on secondary primary malignancies: findings from the UK Biobank and FinnGen cohorts.

Background: Existing epidemiological data indicated a correlation between thyroid cancer (THCA) and the risk of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs). However, the correlation does not always imply causality.

Methods: The Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to investigate the causal relationships between THCA and SPMs based on international multicenter data.

Diagnosing postoperative lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer with multimodal radiomics and clinical features.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of texture analysis for lymph node metastasis after thyroid cancer surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examination before I treatment at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between 2017 and 2020. Clinical follow-up results were used as the criterion for determining the presence of lymph node metastasis.

A Proposed Modified Staging System for Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A SEER Analysis With Multicenter Validation.

Background: The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) was implemented in 2018. However, its ability to predict prognosis remains controversial.

Patients And Methods: Patient data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and multicenter datasets.

Molecular testing raises thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration diagnostic value.

Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) remains indeterminate in 16%-24% of the cases. Molecular testing could improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB. This study examined the gene mutation profile of patients with thyroid nodules and analyzed the diagnostic ability of molecular testing for thyroid nodules using a self-developed 18-gene test.

Inclusion of the Number of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in the Staging System for Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Validating a Modified American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System.

The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (8th edition) for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) was originally extrapolated from the staging system for differentiated thyroid cancer. However, the current staging system does not accurately predict the prognosis of patients with MTC. The present study was based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and validated by multicenter data from the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, and Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital.

TUMOR SIZE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY RISK IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER PATIENTS WITH T4 DISEASE.

The eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guideline on the tumor-node-metastasis staging system has been applied in clinical practice for thyroid cancer since 2018. However, using these criteria, a few studies have shown no significant difference between stage III and IV diseases amongst the differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Thus, we aimed to study the underlying reason behind this observation.

Consideration of Age Is Necessary for Increasing the Accuracy of the AJCC TNM Staging System of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Currently, of the two most common staging systems of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) one is from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) and the other is from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). However, there are imperfections in both these staging systems. Patients were selected retrospectively from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004 to 2013).

Simple Cholecystectomy Is Adequate for Patients With T1b Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma < 1 cm in Diameter.

Consensus-based clinical guidelines recommend that simple cholecystectomy (SC) is adequate for T1a gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBA), but extended cholecystectomy (EC), SC plus lymphatic dissection, should be considered for T1b and more advanced GBA. Whether lymphatic dissection is necessary for the treatment of T1b GBA remains controversial. This study attempts to better define the current criteria for local treatment of T1b GBA, by examining the relationship between lymph node (LN) metastasis and tumor size in such patients.

Targeting EZH2 as a novel therapeutic strategy for sorafenib-resistant thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. Surgery, post-operative selective iodine-131 and thyroid hormone suppression were the most common methods for the therapy of thyroid carcinoma. Although most patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) showed positive response for these therapeutic methods, some patients still have to face the radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory problems.

Anergic natural killer cells educated by tumor cells are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Natural killer cells (NK) are often believed to play a positive role in the antitumor immune response. However, this is not the case for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. This study was performed to determine the unique subtype of "educated" NK cells and their prognostic value in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Application of the Eighth Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Notable modifications have been made in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging eighth edition staging for pancreatic cancer for the consideration of the irreproducible and inapplicable of the AJCC seventh edition staging. However, the new staging classification has not been systemically verified.

Methods: A comparison was performed to evaluate the application of the AJCC seventh and eighth staging classifications using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (18,450 patients) and an institutional series (2040 patients).

Novel agents for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: emerging therapeutics and future directions.

A poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) associated with chemoresistance has not changed for the past three decades. A multidisciplinary diagnosis followed by surgery and chemo(radiation)therapy is the main treatment approach. However, gemcitabine- and 5-fluorouracil-based therapies did not present satisfying outcomes.

MUC16 C terminal-induced secretion of tumor-derived IL-6 contributes to tumor-associated Treg enrichment in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal tumor. CA125 (gene symbol MUC16) is an important serum marker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. High serum CA125 is related to metabolic tumor burden and poor prognosis.

Distribution of and polymorphisms and corresponding CA19-9 antigen expression in a Chinese population.

The () and () genes, corresponding to secretion of Lewis ABO (H) histo-blood group antigen CA19-9, are highly polymorphic with differences between populations. In this study, the and genes in 316 Chinese participants were sequenced to detect polymorphisms, and the associated CA19-9 antigen secretion was also measured. In total, 14 genotypes of and 10 genotypes of were verified.

Revised nodal stage for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Previously we have proposed a modified European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (mENETS) staging system for pNETs, which is more suitable than either the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) or the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) systems. However, it is necessary to revise the nodal stage of the mENETS system for the under representation of stage III diseases.

Methods: Nodal substages of the upper gastrointestinal organs (N0: 0 node, N1: 1-2 nodes; N2: ≥3 nodes) or the lower gastrointestinal organs (0: 0 node, N1: 1-3 nodes, and N2:≥ 4 nodes) were incorporated into the mENETS system and evaluated using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry series.

Somatic Genetic Variation in Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas by Whole Exome Sequencing.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is a rare pancreatic disease with a unique clinical manifestation. Although gene mutations had been universally reported, genetic variation profiles of SPT are largely unidentified. We conducted whole exome sequencing in nine SPT patients to probe the SPT-specific insertions and deletions (indels) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

MicroRNA-187 inhibits tumor growth and invasion by directly targeting CD276 in colorectal cancer.

Aberrantly expressed microRNAs contribute to the initiation and progression of human cancers. However, the underlying functions of microRNA-187 (miR-187) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that miR-187 was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines compared to their normal counterparts.

Prognostic value of regulator of G-protein signaling 6 in colorectal cancer.

Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells. Regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6), which is frequently down-regulated in multiple human malignancies, has been demonstrated to play a critical function in energy metabolism, cell apoptosis and tumorigenesis. However, limited knowledge is known about the expression pattern and prognostic value of RGS6 in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Up-regulated CKS2 promotes tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer.

Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) is a cyclin-dependent kinase-interacting protein, which is essential for cell cycle regulation. Elevated expression of CKS2 has been demonstrated in multiple types of human malignancies. However, the clinical significance, oncogenic functions and related mechanisms of CKS2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unexplored.

Elevated expression of ECT2 predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) is a well-studied guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho family GTPase, which has been demonstrated as an oncogene in many types of human cancers. However, little is known about the prognostic value of ECT2 in colorectal cancer (CRC). In current study, we investigated the expression pattern and underlying clinical significance of ECT2 in CRC.

Elevated Rictor expression is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

The rapamycin insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor) is an essential subunit of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), maintains the integrity of the complex and functions as regulator of Akt full activation. Rictor has been implicated to be involved in growth and progression of malignancies, however, little is known about its expression and prognostic role in gastric cancer in particular. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of Rictor expression with clinical outcomes, together with pAktSer473 and pS6, two downstream substrates of mTORC2 and mTORC1, in 396 gastric cancer tissue samples via immunohistochemistry.

[Impact of lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4 beta on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer].

Objective: To determine whether lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4 beta (LAPTM4B) over-expression is associated with the proliferation and invasion in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Thirty pairs of CRC tissues, containing carcinoma and adjacent tissues, were used for the examination of LAPTM4B mRNA expression by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. Then immunohistochemistry was performed to examine LAPTM4B protein expression in 6 pairs of CRC tissues.

Decreased expression of interleukin-36α predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.

Interleukin-36α (IL-36α), previously designated as IL-1F6, has been found to have a pathogenic role in psoriasis. However, possible functions of IL-36α in cancer remain unclear. In present study, we investigate the possible role of interleukin-36α involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.

High levels of SIRT1 expression enhance tumorigenesis and associate with a poor prognosis of colorectal carcinoma patients.

SIRT1, a NAD(+) dependent class III deacetylase, takes part in many important biological processes. Previous studies show that SIRT1 is overexpressed in some cancers and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. However, the association between SIRT1 and colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear.