Microbial fermented feed affects flavor amino acids and yolk trimethylamine of duck eggs via cecal microbiota-yolk metabolites crosstalk.

Microbial fermented feed (MFF) has been demonstrated to improve nutritional status as well as promote animal health. However, only a few studies have focused on its effect on the flavor of animal products, and the potential underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, egg amino acids and yolk trimethylamine (TMA), small intestine histomorphology, cecal microbiota and yolk metabolites were analyzed in MFF-treated ducks.

Integration of LC-MS-Based and GC-MS-Based Metabolic Profiling to Reveal the Effects of Domestication and Boiling on the Composition of Duck Egg Yolks.

Egg yolks contain abundant lipids, proteins, and minerals that provide not only essential nutrients for embryonic development but also cheap sources of nutrients for consumers worldwide. Previous composition analyses of egg yolks primarily focused on nutrients such as lipids and minerals. However, few studies have reported the effects of domestication and heating on yolk composition and characteristics.

Genome-wide DNA methylation differences between conservation and breeding populations of Shaoxing ducks.

The genome-wide DNA methylation assay was used to analyze the difference in methylation between the breeding and conservation populations of Shaoxing ducks. The methylation level of the breeding population was higher than that of the two conservation populations, and the proportion of CG methylation sites was the largest in the three populations, most of the methylation sites were located in the exon region. There were 1247 different methylation regions in the two populations (group A and B), and 927 different methylation regions in the two groups (group A and group C).

Dietary supplementation with fermented plant product modulates production performance, egg quality, intestinal mucosal barrier, and cecal microbiota in laying hens.

Fermented plant product (FPP) is a kind of functional complex containing probiotics and a variety of bioactive substances, which has multiple physiological functions. However, there is no systematic appraisal of FPP as a feed additive for laying hens. This study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of FPP in laying hens.

Analysis of genome and methylation changes in Chinese indigenous chickens over time provides insight into species conservation.

Conservation of natural resources is a vital and challenging task. Numerous animal genetic resources have been effectively conserved worldwide. However, the effectiveness of conservation programmes and the variation information of species have rarely been evaluated.

Genome-Wide Association Studies and Haplotype-Sharing Analysis Targeting the Egg Production Traits in Shaoxing Duck.

Age at first egg (AFE) and egg number (EN) are economically important traits related to egg production, as they directly influence the benefits of the poultry industry, but the molecular genetic research that affects those traits in laying ducks is still sparse. Our objective was to identify the genomic regions and candidate genes associated with AFE, egg production at 43 weeks (EP43w), and egg production at 66 weeks (EP66w) in a Shaoxing duck population using genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and haplotype-sharing analysis. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genetic parameter estimates showed that the heritability was 0.

Transcriptome analyses of potential regulators of pre- and post-ovulatory follicles in the pigeon ().

To identify the dominant genes controlling follicular maturation, ovulation and regression for pigeon, we used RNA-seq to explore the gene expression profiles of pre- and post-ovulatory follicles of pigeon. We obtained total of 4.73million (96% of the raw data) high-quality clean reads, which could be aligned with 20282 genes.

Effects of Coated Sodium Butyrate and Polysaccharides From on Intestinal Tissue Morphology and Ileal Microbiome of Squabs.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and polysaccharides extracted from (CCP) on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology and ileum microbiome in squabs. A total of 420 1-day-old squabs were randomly divided into seven groups with 5 replicates each and 12 squabs per replicate. The squabs were fed basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with different levels of CSB (275, 550, and 1,100 mg/kg, groups CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100) and CCP (27.

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Cecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Shaoxing Duck.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on intestinal microflora and metabolome of Shaoxing ducks. A total of 640 1-day-old Shaoxing ducks were randomly divided into two treatments with eight replicates and forty ducks for each replicate. The ducks were fed basal diet (Ctrl) and basal diet supplemented with 0.

Transcriptome analyses to reveal the dynamic change mechanism of pigeon magnum during one egg-laying cycle.

We analyzed the transcriptome of pigeon magnum in three stages (C1: pre-ovulation, C2: post-ovulation, C3: 5-6 days after ovulation) to elucidate the molecular and cellular events associated with morphological changes during the laying cycle. We observed that C1 was highly developed, apoptosis rate was highest in C2, and C3 attained the smallest size. Through RNA-sequencing, we obtained 54,764,938 (97.

High-temperature exposure alters the community structure and functional features of the intestinal microbiota in Shaoxing ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).

The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that contributes to host nutrition and health. However, our current knowledge of the relationship between ambient temperature and gut microbiota of poultry is still limited. The objective of the present study was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of ducks exposed to high ambient temperature.

Changes in morphology and miRNAs expression in small intestines of Shaoxing ducks in response to high temperature.

During summer days the extreme heat may cause damage to the integrity of animal intestinal barrier. Little information is available concerning morphological changes in the duck intestines in response to high temperature. And the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of high temperature-induced intestinal injury remain undefined.

Different rearing conditions alter gut microbiota composition and host physiology in Shaoxing ducks.

Emerging evidences have linked the gut microbiota to poultry physiology. Gut microbiota composition in Shaoxing ducks were profiled under different rearing conditions: raised on the litter floor and the plastic mesh floor. A total of 46 and 39 luminal content samples from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum of the ducks reared under the two conditions were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis.

MiR-144 affects fatty acid composition by regulating ELOVL6 expression in duck hepatocytes.

Lipid metabolism in duck is very important for both raisers and people's health. In our previous studies, we have detected that miR-144 is related to duck lipid metabolism and validated one of its target genes, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6). In the present study, we isolated, cultured, and identified duck hepatocytes, and transfected with miR-144 mimics/inhibitor to mediate the miR-144 level.

Dynamic comparison on the usage of probiotics in organic wastewater treatment under aerobic conditions in a diurnal environment.

Unlabelled: This study aims at evaluating and comparing pollution removal in wastewater treatment via the use of probiotics alone or in combination under aerobic conditions in diurnal cycles. Herein, 650 mL of organic wastewater was stored in 1-L conical flasks and then randomly divided into three treatment groups, each experiment was repeated three times. Group A was supplemented with 2% (v/v) photosynthetic bacteria (PSB; Rhodopseudomonas palustris) alone; group B was supplemented with 2% (v/v) B.

Transcriptomic analysis of different stages of pigeon ovaries by RNA-sequencing.

The pigeon ovary is an ideal model for deciphering the molecular mechanism of folliculogenesis. While most analysis has focused on the influence of hormones and factors on ovarian follicle development in this model, changes occurring in the ovarian stroma can also be extremely informative. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of pigeon ovaries at pre-ovulation, post-ovulation, and 5-6 days after ovulation using RNA-sequencing to gain insights into the molecular and cellular events mediating ovary activity.

The goose genome sequence leads to insights into the evolution of waterfowl and susceptibility to fatty liver.

Background: Geese were domesticated over 6,000 years ago, making them one of the first domesticated poultry. Geese are capable of rapid growth, disease resistance, and high liver lipid storage capacity, and can be easily fed coarse fodder. Here, we sequence and analyze the whole-genome sequence of an economically important goose breed in China and compare it with that of terrestrial bird species.

Identification of differentially expressed known and novel miRNAs in broodiness of goose.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs plays a critical role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Broodiness is observed in most avian species and influences egg production. Several genes are known to play an important role in regulating the progress of reproduction.

Expression pattern of L-FABP gene in different tissues and its regulation of fat metabolism-related genes in duck.

Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is a member of intracellular lipid-binding proteins responsible for the transportation of fatty acids. The expression pattern of duck L-FABP mRNA was examined in this study by quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that duck L-FABP gene was expressed in many tissues, including heart, lung, kidney, muscle, ovary, brain, intestine, stomach and adipocyte tissues, and highly expressed in liver.

Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum parameters, fatty acid compositions, and liver histology in Shaoxing laying ducks.

The effects of different fatty acid (FA) contents in diet on serum parameters, FA compositions of eggs and meat, and liver morphological changes were studied in Shaoxing laying ducks. A total of 264 ducks at 17 weeks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 30 g/kg fish oil (FO), 25 g/kg sunflower oil (SO), or 30 g/kg palm oil with 20 g/kg beef tallow (PBO). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and the serum of ducks fed the PBO diet was significantly (P<0.

A novel SNP of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein gene in duck and its associations with the intramuscular fat.

Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is a member of intracellular lipid-binding proteins involved in the transportation of fatty acids. We detected the polymorphisms of duck L-FABP gene and its association with the intramuscular fat (IMF) and other fat-related traits. The complete sequence of duck L-FABP gene (four exons and three introns, 2,542 bp) was obtained in this study.

Molecular cloning, expression, and regulation of goose leptin receptor gene in adipocytes.

A full-length cDNA encoding the goose (Anser anser) leptin receptor (LEPR) was cloned and sequenced. The goose LEPR gene encodes a 1,156-amino acid protein containing a signal peptide, a single transmembrane domain and specific motifs involving putative leptin-binding and signal transduction. The deduced goose LEPR protein shows more than 90% identity to duck and 75% identity to chicken and turkey.

Paternity assessment: application on estimation of breeding value in body-weight at first egg trait of egg-laying duck (Anas platyrhynchos).

Paternity index was analyzed using five microsatellite loci among Chinese egg-laying ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Based on the paternity relationship that was identified by paternity index analysis, the estimated breeding value (EBV) was calculated using BLUP (best linear unbiased predictor) method. Body weight at first egg (BWF) is the only considered trait in this study.

Assignment of CCR7 gene to chicken chromosome 27 by radiation hybrid panel mapping.

The protein encoded by CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This receptor was identified as a gene induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and is thought to be a mediator of EBV effects on B lymphocytes. This receptor is expressed in various lymphoid tissues and activates B and T lymphocytes.

[Advance in association studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene polymorphisms with traits of resistance against infectious disease in chickens].

Chicken is a main poultry in China. Molecular breeding for disease resistance plays an important role in the control of diseases, especially infectious diseases. Choice of genes for disease resistance is the key technology of molecular breeding.