Lymphography using microbubbles and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) before lymphatic supermicrosurgery for severe lymphorrhea of lower extremity.

Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) is an effective surgical treatment for lymphorrhea. However, the traditional indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent lymphography mapping for lymphatic vessels has limitations, it can only depict the initial capillary lymphatic network localized in the dermis of the skin, which cannot visualize lymphatics deeper than 1.5 cm.

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition).

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM.

Dexmedetomidine reduces enteric glial cell injury induced by intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury through mitochondrial localization of TERT.

This study was performed to uncover the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress injury induced by mitochondrial localization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in enteric glial cells (EGCs) following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat models. Following establishment of intestinal IRI models by superior mesenteric artery occlusion in Wistar rats, the expression and distribution patterns of TERT were detected. The IRI rats were subsequently treated with low or high doses of dexmedetomidine, followed by detection of ROS, MDA and GSH levels.

Dexmedetomidine inhibits mitochondria damage and apoptosis of enteric glial cells in experimental intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT3-dependent PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway.

Background: Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury commonly occurs during perioperative periods, resulting in high morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a selective α2-agonist that is frequently applied during perioperative periods for its analgesia effect; however, its ability to provide protection against intestinal I/R injury and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: To fill this gap, the protection of Dex against I/R injury was examined in a rat model of intestinal I/R injury and in an inflammation cell model, which was induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation.

The Role of Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signalling on Preventing Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury with Dexmedetomidine.

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) works as a crucial agent for the treatment of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but its mechanism remains unclear. Recent articles demonstrated the pivotal role of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK2/STAT3) signalling in I/R. Therefore, it is reasonable to explore the associated mechanism of JAK2/STAT3 signalling in Dex treatment.

KDM4B promotes DNA damage response via STAT3 signaling and is a target of CREB in colorectal cancer cells.

Resistance to radiotherapy is a major limitation for the successful treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, accumulating evidence supports a critical role of epigenetic regulation in tumor cell survival upon irradiation. Lysine Demethylase 4B (KDM4B) is a histone demethylase involved in the oncogenesis of multiple human cancers but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Effect of recurrent severe hypoglycemia on cognitive performance in adult patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and extent of cognitive impairment in adult diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with episodes of recurrent severe hypoglycemia, by using meta-analysis to synthesize data across studies. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library search engines were used to identify studies on cognitive performance in DM patients with recurrent severe hypoglycemia. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on seven eligible studies using an inverse-variance method.

miR-495 and miR-551a inhibit the migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells by directly interacting with PRL-3.

The phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) gene is associated with metastasis in gastric cancer, and is believed to play a causative role by promoting tumor cell motility, invasion, and metastasis, but little is known of the mechanisms involved. We previously reported that PRL-3 expression is significantly higher in the tissues of primary gastric carcinomas with peritoneal metastasis. In the present study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-495 and miR-551a, predicted to target PRL-3, are downregulated in gastric carcinoma samples.

Expression of TREM-1 mRNA in acute pancreatitis.

Aim: To explore the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) mRNA in acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we examined the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in 10 cases of mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), 8 cases of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and 10 cases of healthy control subjects. And we also examined the expression of TREM-1 mRNA in 14 cases of AP (including 10 MAP and 4 SAP) before treatment, after successful therapy and clinically cured.

Effect of octreotide on human pancreatic cancer cells after transfected with somatostatin receptor type 2 gene.

Aim: To observe the effect of octreotide on apoptosis rate of human pancreatic cancer cells PC-3 after transfected with somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) gene.

Methods: SST2 plasmid was transfected into PC-3 cells by liposome. Result of transfection was detected by immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting.

Mechanisms of inhibition of growth of human pancreatic carcinoma implanted in nude mice by somatostatin receptor subtype 2.

Objectives: Several studies reported that somatostatin receptor subtypes, especially subtype 2 (SSTR2), exerted their cytostatic and/or cytotoxic effects on various types of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect of SSTR2 gene transfer to the pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3 and the mechanisms involved in this effect.

Methods: The full-length human SSTR2 cDNA was introduced into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3 by lipofectamine-mediated transfection; positive clones were screened by G418, and stable expression of SSTR2 was detected by the immunohistochemical SABC method and RT-PCR.

Anti-angiogenic effects of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 on human pancreatic cancer xenografts.

Somatostatin receptor subtypes, especially subtype 2 (SSTR2), exert their antitumor (cytostatic and/or cytotoxic) and anti-angiogenic effects. Here we aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of SSTR2 gene transfer into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3, and the mechanisms involved in this effect. The full-length human SSTR2 complementary DNA was introduced into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3 by lipofectamine-mediated transfection, and stable expression of SSTR2 was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.

[Mechanisms of inhibition of growth of human pancreatic carcinoma implanted in nude mice by somatostatin receptor subtype 2].

Objective: To investigate the antitumor effect of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) gene transfection into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3, and the mechanisms involved in this effect.

Methods: The full-length human SSTR2 cDNA was introduced into the pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3 by lipofect amine-mediated transfection. Positive clones were screened by G418 and stable expression of SSTR2 was detected by immunocytochemistry SABC method and RT-PCR.

Survivin expression induced by doxorubicin in cholangiocarcinoma.

Aim: To study the role of survivin expression induced by chemotherapy agent (doxorubicin) in the development and anti-chemotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods: Expression of survivin was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique in 33 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, 28 cases of adjacent noncancerous bile duct, and 5 cases of benign bile duct lesions. Low concentration of doxorubicin (0.

Antiangiogenic effect of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 on pancreatic cancer cell line: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in vitro.

Aim: To investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) gene transfer into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3, and the mechanisms involved in this effect.

Methods: The full length human SSTR2 cDNA was introduced into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3 by lipofectamine-mediated transfection. Positive clones were screened by G418 and stable expression of SSTR2 was detected by immunohistochemistry SABC methods and RT-PCR.

Alteration of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 gene expression in pancreatic tumor angiogenesis.

Aim: To explore the difference of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SST2R) gene expression in pancreatic cancerous tissue and its adjacent tissue, and the relationship between the change of SST2R gene expression and pancreatic tumor angiogenesis related genes.

Methods: The expressions of SST2R, DPC4, p53 and ras genes in cancer tissues of 40 patients with primary pancreatic cancer, and the expression of SST2R gene in its adjacent tissue were determined by immunohistochemiscal LSAB method and EnVision(TM) method. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in expression of SST2R in pancreatic cancer tissue and its adjacent tissue, and the correlation of SST2R gene expression with the expression of p53, ras and DPC4 genes.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and the relationship between their expression and clinicopathological parameters.

Methods: COX-1 and COX-2 were detected in 56 extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinomas, including 31 matched tissues originating from non-tumorous bile ductal tissue adjacent to tumours and 6 normal bile ductal tissues, by immunohistochemistry strept avidin-biotin complex using isozyme selective antibodies.

Results: There was no difference in expression of COX-1 between carcinomas (96%, 54/56) and noncancerous specimens (94%, 29/31, P>0.

Celecoxib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via prostaglandin E2 pathway in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.

Aim: To evaluate the roles and mechanisms of celecoxib in inducing proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.

Methods: Cyclooxygenase-2-overexpressing human cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 and cyclooxygenase-2-deficient human cholangiocarcinoma cell line SK-CHA-1 were used in the present study. The anti-proliferative effect was measured by methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay; apoptosis was determined by transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) detection and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Bile from a patient with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union promotes the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cells via COX-2 pathway.

Aim: To explore the effects of COX-2 gene in the proliferative activity induced by bile from anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU) on human cholangiocacinoma cell line.

Methods: Bile sample from APBDU and normal bile sample were used for this study. The proliferative effect of bile was measured by methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay; COX-2 mRNA was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Proliferative activity of bile from congenital choledochal cyst patients.

Aim: To explore the potential carcinogenicity of bile from congenital choledochal cyst (CCC) patients and the mechanism of the carcinogenesis in congenital choledochal cyst patients.

Methods: 20 bile samples from congenital choledochal cyst patients and 10 normal control bile samples were used for this study. The proliferative effect of bile was measured by using Methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay; Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by using flow cytometry (FCM), and the PGE(2) levels in the supernatant of cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA).