Unraveling the key cooked off-flavor compounds in thermally sterilized green tea beverages, and masking effect of tea raw material baking.

The occurrence of the cooked off-flavor during the thermal sterilization of green tea beverages negatively impacts their quality. This study aimed to identify the key cooked off-flavor compounds by molecular sensory science. The increase of 12 compounds, including malty (e.

Effect of puffing treatment on volatile components of green tea explored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry.

The effect of puffing treatment on the volatile components of green tea has been studied. A total of 155 volatile compounds were identified by using HS-SPME and SPE extraction methods, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentration of volatile compounds in puffed green tea increased by 2.

Effects of the Taste Substances and Metal Cations in Green Tea Infusion on the Turbidity of EGCG-Mucin Mixtures.

Astringency has an important impact on the taste quality of tea infusion, a process which occurs when polyphenols complex with salivary proteins to form an impermeable membrane. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main astringent compound found in green tea and mucin is the main protein present in saliva. Determining the turbidity of EGCG-mucin mixtures is an effective method to quantify the astringency intensity of EGCG solutions.

The antibacterial and hemostatic curdlan hydrogel-loading epigallocatechin gallate for facilitating the infected wound healing.

The infected wounds pose one of the major threats to human health today. To address this issue, it is necessary to develop innovative wound dressings with superior antibacterial activity and other properties. Due to its potent antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-boosting properties, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been widely utilized.

Flavor Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Digestion Properties of Bread with Large-Leaf Yellow Tea Powder.

Foods containing tea could be widely utilized due to the addition of good tea ingredients, especially large-leaf yellow tea, which is rich with a good flavor. Applying this change to bread containing tea would improve its product quality. In this research, large-leaf yellow tea bread (LYB), possessing a special flavor, was developed using ultrafine large-leaf yellow tea powder and flour as the main raw materials.

Effects of Different Expansion Temperatures on the Non-Volatile Qualities of Tea Stems.

Tea stems are a type of tea by-product, and a considerable amount of them is discarded during picking, with their value often being overlooked. To enhance the utilization of tea stems, we investigated the effects of different expansion temperatures on the non-volatile compounds of tea stems. The results showed that the contents of EC, EGC, EGCG, tea polyphenols, and amino acids all decreased with the expansion temperature, while the contents of GA and C increased.

Effects of brewing water on the volatile composition of tea infusions.

There is a huge demand for brewing water in tea consumption, and the sensory flavor of tea infusion is significantly affected by the water used for brewing. To investigate the impact of brewing water on the aroma of tea infusions made from Camelia senensis, the three tea infusions of green, oolong and black tea brewed by six different drinking waters were analyzed by sensory evaluation, solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and chemometrics. Brewing water with high pH values (>8.

Green cabbage supplementation influences the gene expression and fatty acid levels of adipose tissue in Chinese Wanxi White geese.

Objective: Dietary green cabbage was evaluated for its impact on fatty acid synthetic ability in different adipose tissues during fattening of Wanxi White geese.

Methods: A total of 256 Wanxi White geese at their 70 days were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 4 replicates and fed 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% fresh green cabbage (relative to dry matter), respectively, in each group. Adipose tissues (subcutaneous and abdominal fat), liver and blood were collected from 4 birds in each replicate at their 70, 80, 90, and 100 days for fatty acid composition, relative gene expression and serum lipid analysis.

Integrated transcriptome and proteome revealed that the declined expression of cell cycle-related genes associated with follicular atresia in geese.

Background: Geese exhibit relatively low reproductive performance, and follicular atresia is an important factor that restricts the egg production of geese. Systematic analysis of the regulation of follicle atresia in geese through transcriptome and proteome levels could provide meaningful information on clarifying the mechanism of follicle atresia in poultry.

Result: The granulosa cell layer was loose, disintegrated and showed apoptosis in atretic follicles and remained intact in normal follicles.

Exploring the Quality and Application Potential of the Remaining Tea Stems after the Postharvest Tea Leaves: The Example of Lu'an Guapian Tea ( L.).

Lu'an Guapian tea is produced through the processing of only leaves, with the stems and buds discarded, but stems constitute a large proportion of the tea harvest. To test the usability of tea stems, we compared the physicochemical properties of tea leaves and stems from the same growth period as well as the taste of their infusions. The leaves contained higher concentrations of polyphenols and caffeine and had a stronger taste.

Determining the effects of tencha-ro drying on key volatile compounds in tencha (Camellia sinensis) through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Drying is the key process through which the aroma of tencha forms. However, the effects of drying method on volatiles are unknown. We compared tencha-ro drying with regular drying.

Brooding Temperature Alters Yolk Sac Absorption and Affected Ovarian Development in Goslings.

In order to explore the brooding temperature on the absorption of yolk sac and the ovary development of goslings, 126 1-day-old female goslings were randomly divided into three groups with three replicates in each group. The brooding temperatures were set at 32 °C, 29 °C and 26 °C (represent G32, G29 and G26), respectively, in each group. At 48, 60 and 72 h, two goslings from each replicate were weighed, and the yolk sac was collected and weighed.

Expression of Oocyte Vitellogenesis Receptor Was Regulated by C/EBPα in Developing Follicle of Wanxi White Goose.

Yolk precursor was synthesized under regulation of hormone secretion, while the mechanism of its incorporation into follicle is still unknown. The reproductive hormones, oocyte vitellogenesis receptor (OVR) expression at pre-, early-, peak- and ceased-laying period, and localization of Wanxi White goose were determined in this study. The results showed that the concentration of LH was lowest in serum at peak laying period compared to the other periods (p < 0.

Characterization and Quantitative Comparison of Key Aroma Volatiles in Fresh and 1-Year-Stored Keemun Black Tea Infusions: Insights to Aroma Transformation during Storage.

The aroma of Keemun black tea (KBT) changes during storage. We investigated key aroma volatiles of fresh KBT (FKBT) and KBT stored for 1 year. Through gas chromatography−olfactometry−mass spectrometry/aroma extract dilution analysis (GC-O-MS/AEDA), 27 aroma volatiles with a flavor dilution (FD) value ≥16 were quantitated.

Hepatic Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Enhanced Carboxylic Acid Metabolism and Oxidoreduction Promote Muscle and Fat Deposition in Muscovy Duck.

Liver is responsible for 90% of lipid synthesis in poultry; thus, it plays an important role in the growth of Muscovy ducks, which have a high fat deposition ability in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, male Muscovy ducks at 14, 28, 42, and 56 days were selected for body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), abdominal fat weight (AFW), intramuscular fat content (IMF), and breast muscle fiber (BMF) diameter and density determination. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combining liquid chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze proteomic changes in liver at each stage.

Quality chemical analysis of crush-tear-curl (CTC) black tea from different geographical regions based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS.

Crush-tear-curl (CTC) black tea is a popular beverage, owing to its unique taste characteristics and health benefits. However, differences in the taste quality and chemical profiles of CTC black tea from different geographical regions remain unclear. In this study, 28 CTC black tea samples were collected from six geographical regions and analyzed using electronic tongue and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectroscopy.

Targeted and nontargeted metabolomics analysis for determining the effect of storage time on the metabolites and taste quality of keemun black tea.

The black tea could be stored for a long time, and subsequently affects the flavor characteristics. In the present study, the effects of storage years (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 17 and 20 years) on the chemical profiling and taste quality of keemun black tea (KBT) were compared by metabolomics and quantitative sensory evaluation. The main polyphenols were degraded during the storing, especially 10-year storage, but caffeine and theobromine were stable.

Effects of stem removal on physicochemical properties and sensory quality of tencha beverages (Camellia sinensis; Chuanxiaoye).

Fresh tea leaves (Camellia sinensis; Chuanxiaoye) used to make tencha tea are a combination of the stem and leaf. Tencha made from the leaf alone is considered a high-quality tencha beverage with a seaweed-like aroma, mellow taste, and a green appearance. However, no study has investigated the differences between these two variants.

Synergistic lubrication of a porous MoS-POSS nanohybrid.

A porous MoS-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanohybrid was prepared from octavinyl-POSS nanoparticles and MoS nanosheets for the first time, the structure and composition of which were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectra (EDS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). As a comparison, MoS nanosheets, octavinyl-POSS and MoS-POSS nanohybrid were used as lubricating additives for liquid paraffin (LP), which decreased the friction coefficients of LP by 7.8% (MoS), 14.

A system composed of polyethylenimine-capped upconversion nanoparticles, copper(II), hydrogen peroxide and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine for colorimetric and fluorometric determination of glyphosate.

A dual (colorimetric and fluorometric) method is described for sensitive and selective determination of the herbicide glyphosate. It is based on the use of a system composed of polyethylenimine-capped NaGdF:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), copper(II) ions, hydrogen peroxide and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. The physicochemical and photophysical properties of the polyethylenimine-capped UCNPs were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

Role of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-induced hepatotoxicity in Rana nigromaculata.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely distributed in various environmental media and is toxic to organisms. This study demonstrated that PFOA induces hepatotoxicity in the frog and evaluated the role of CYP3A and the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in regulating responses to PFOA-induced hepatotoxicity. Rana nigromaculata were exposed to 0, 0.

Effects of MCLR exposure on sex hormone synthesis and reproduction-related genes expression of testis in male Rana nigromaculata.

Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is the most popular and toxic variant among microcystins, which can cause severe reproductive toxicity to animals. However, the mechanisms of reproductive toxicity induced by MCLR in amphibians are still not entirely clear. In the current study, toxicity mechanisms of MCLR on the reproductive system of male Rana nigromaculata followed by low concentration (0, 0.

Fe-Mn bi-metallic oxides loaded on granular activated carbon to enhance dye removal by catalytic ozonation.

A Fe-Mn bi-metallic oxide supported on granular activated carbon (Fe-Mn GAC) has been fabricated by an impregnation-desiccation method and tested in the catalytic ozonation of methyl orange (MO) degradation and mineralization. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations revealed that Fe-Mn oxides were successfully loaded and uniformly distributed on the GAC, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that the supported GAC retained a large surface area and a high pore volume compared with the pristine GAC. The catalytic activity was systematically assessed by monitoring the MO removal efficiencies at different operational parameters, such as catalyst dosage, initial solution pH, and ozone flow rate.

[Impact of Toxoplasma gondii on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cell lines].

MCF-7, DU-145, EC-109 and A549 tumor cells (5 x 10(4)nml) at mid-exponential phase were treated for 24h with different concentrations of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (1 x 10(4)/ml-32x10(4)/ml). The measurement of tumor cell growth inhibition rate was performed by using CCK-8 kit. The tachyzoites (1 x 10(4)/ml-4 x 10(4)/ml) were co-cultured with A549 tumor cells for 24 h.

[Surgical treatment and function rehabilitation of Monteggia fracture in children].

Objective: To establish better treatment for Monteggia fracture by evaluating the operative effect and function rehabilitation in children.

Methods: From 1994 to 2001, 78 children with Monteggia fracture (30 cases of new fracture, 48 cases of old fracture) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups.