iE-DAP Induced Inflammatory Response and Tight Junction Disruption in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via NOD1-Dependent NF-κB and MLCK Signaling Pathway.

-D-glutamyl--diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), a bacterial cell wall component, can trigger an inflammatory response. A mammary inflammatory response causes tight junction (TJ) dysfunction. This study aimed to explore the effects and involved mechanisms of iE-DAP-induced inflammatory response on the TJ integrity in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs).

Epigenetic and SP1-mediated regulation is involved in the repression of galactokinase 1 gene in the liver of neonatal piglets born to betaine-supplemented sows.

Purpose: In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of maternal betaine supplementation on the expression and regulation of GALK1 gene in the liver of neonatal piglets.

Methods: Sixteen sows of two groups were fed control or betaine-supplemented diets (3 g/kg), respectively, throughout the pregnancy. Newborn piglets were individually weighed immediately after birth, and one male piglet close to mean body weight from the same litter was selected and killed before suckling.

Downregulation of prostaglandin E2 is involved in hindgut mucosal damage in lactating goats fed a high-concentrate diet.

What is the central question of this study? A high-concentrate (HC) diet results in damage to the hindgut mucosa. The aim of the study was to investigate the status of epithelial proliferation in the hindgut mucosa of goats with subacute ruminal acidosis and, simultaneously, to evaluate prostaglandin E2 synthesis and the downstream signalling pathways. What is the main finding and its importance? The downregulation of local prostaglandin E2 synthesis and its downstream signalling pathway are involved in the process of inhibiting epithelial proliferation in the hindgut epithelium of HC-fed goats.