A High-Resolution Microendoscope Improves Esophageal Cancer Screening and Surveillance: Implications for Underserved Global Settings Based on an International Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background & Aims: Lugol's chromoendoscopy (LCE)-based detection of esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) is limited by low specificity. High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) was shown to improve specificity and reduce unnecessary biopsies when used by academic endoscopists. In this international randomized controlled trial, we determined the clinical impact, efficiency, and performance of HRME in true global health contexts with a range of providers.

Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-specific antisense oligonucleotides reduce infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Background: The Spike protein mutation severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to decreased protective effect of various vaccines and mAbs, suggesting that blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting host factors would make the therapy more resilient against virus mutations. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as many other coronaviruses. Downregulation of ACE2 expression in the respiratory tract may prevent viral infection.

Factors for predicting the outcome of surgery for non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Despite the large patient base in Asia, the prognostic factors of patients with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) remain largely undetermined.

Objective: To systematically investigate the predictive value of clinical and biological variables for non-eosinophilic CRSwNP.

Methods: A total of 51 patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP who underwent functional endoscopic surgery were recruited.

Mutations in the leptin-melanocortin pathway and weight loss after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantify the overall effects of gene mutations in the leptin-melanocortin pathway on short- and long-term weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase were searched, and data were analyzed using ReviewManager (RevMan) version 5.4.

Total weight loss induces the alteration in thyroid function after bariatric surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective approach to weight loss, which may also affect thyroid function. However, alteration in thyroid-stimulating hormone (ΔTSH) and thyroid hormones after bariatric surgery and the relationship between thyroid function and postoperative weight loss still remains controversial.

Methods: Data were collected from euthyroid patients with obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2017 to 2022.

Adsorption performance of mineral-carbon adsorbents derived from coal gasification fine ash: Prepared via low-temperature alkali fusion method.

To address the solid waste challenges associated with coal gasification fine ash, this study conducted a low-temperature alkali fusion de-ashing treatment to transform coal gasification fine ash into mineral-carbon adsorbent. The preparation process was simplified without grinding, carbonization and high-temperature (500-800 °C) activation treatment. The results demonstrate a positive linear correlation between the ash removal rate of the samples (measured during the preparation process, i.

The SMYD3-dependent H3K4me3 status of IGF2 intensifies local Th2 differentiation in CRSwNP via positive feedback.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous and common upper airway disease divided into various inflammatory endotypes. Recent epidemiological findings showed a T helper 2 (Th2)-skewed dominance in CRSwNP patients. Histone modification alterations can regulate transcriptional and translational expression, resulting in abnormal pathogenic changes and the occurrence of diseases.

Comparing Protein and Gene Expression Signature between Nasal Polyps and Nasal Fluids in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a serious inflammatory condition. Nasal fluids (NFs) present a noninvasive alternative to nasal biopsy for studying CRSwNP pathogenesis. We aimed to compare the protein and mRNA inflammation signature between nasal polyps (NPs) and NFs.

The multi-omics single-cell landscape of sinus mucosa in uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with elevated levels of type 2 inflammatory cytokines and raised immunoglobulin concentrations in nasal polyp tissue. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, transcriptomics, surface proteomics, and T cell and B cell receptor sequencing, we found the predominant cell types in nasal polyps were shifted from epithelial and mesenchymal cells to inflammatory cells compared to nasal mucosa from healthy controls. Broad expansions of CD4 T effector memory cells, CD4 tissue-resident memory T cells, CD8 T effector memory cells and all subtypes of B cells in nasal polyp tissues.

Sustainable preparation of high-calorific value and low-N and S energy products through the low-temperature alkali fusion of coal gasification fine ash.

Coal gasification fine ash (CGFA) is characterized by high yield, high carbon content, and difficult recovery. This results in waste of coal resources and serious environmental pollution. To address this issue, a novel green deashing process is proposed in this study to modify CGFA into deashed carbon (DAC) with a high calorific value and an ash content of less than 5% through a low-temperature alkaline fusion process.

A novel inflammatory endotype diagnostic model based on cytokines in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Type 2 CRSwNP is characterized by severe symptoms, multiple comorbidities, longer recovery course and high recurrence rate. A simple and cost-effective diagnostic model for CRSwNP endotype integrating clinical characteristics and histopathological features is urgently needed.

Objective: To establish a clinical diagnostic model of inflammatory endotype in CRSwNP based on the clinical characteristics, pathological characteristics, and cytokines profile in the polyp tissue of patients.

Enhancement of oral bioavailability and anti-colitis effect of luteolin-loaded polymer micelles with RA (rosmarinic acid)-SS-mPEG as carrier.

Objective: Polymer micelles were prepared (L-RSPMs) with luteolin and synthetic RA-SS-mPEG polymeric material before evaluation of their anti-inflammatory effect on 2, 4, 6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) model in rats.

Methods: The synthetic RA-SS-mPEG was characterized with NMR spectroscopy, before preparation of luteolin-coated RA-SS-mPEG polymer micelles. The characterization and evaluation of the formulation were accomplished, couple with its pharmacokinetic parameters.

Characteristics of bile microbiota in cholelithiasis, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer.

Significant proof suggests an essential role played by the bile microbiota in biliary diseases. This study retrospectively analyzed the differences in biliary microbes among patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA), distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA), pancreatic cancer (PC), and cholelithiasis (CH). Bile samples were obtained from 53 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and the bile microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene analysis and next-generation sequencing.

Microvessel quantification by fully convolutional neural networks associated with type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still unclear, and little is known about angiogenesis in this disease. We utilized a fully convolutional network (FCN), which has been extensively used in image processing to study angiogenesis in CRS.

Objective: To explore the tissue quantification of microvessels and their potential association with inflammation in CRS by using FCN to reflect the angiogenesis condition in CRS.

Gastric inverted hyperplastic polyp, an exceptional case diagnosed after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Gastric inverted hyperplastic polyp (GIHP) is a rare type of gastric polyp that has a trend of downward growth into the submucosal layer. We present a case of a heart-shaped GIHP removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection, which needs to be distinguished from gastritis cystica profunda.

Numerical analysis of an 80,000 Nm/h fly ash entrained-flow gasifier at various burner inclination angles.

The raw syngas effluent from a fluidized bed gasifier typically contains a large amount of fly ash having a high concentration of carbon, which is undesirable. The present work examined the newly developed entrained-flow gasification technology intended to gasify raw syngas. Simulation of gas-solid flow and reaction behavior in an industrial-scale entrained-flow gasifier applying this new technology was first performed to obtain a better understanding of the particle flow and gasification characteristics.