Oxidative stress injury and mitochondrial dysfunction are major obstacles to neurological functional recovery after ischemic stroke. The development of new approaches to simultaneously diminish oxidative stress and resist mitochondrial dysfunction is urgently needed. Inspired by the overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) at ischemic neuron mitochondria, multifunctional nanoparticles with ROS-responsiveness and mitochondrial-targeted (SPNPs) were engineered, achieving specific targeting delivery and controllable drug release at ischemic penumbra.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA colon-specific carrier that can protect drugs from the destruction in the gastrointestinal tract is critical for treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). In this study, chitosan was cross-linked by the thioketal (TK) bond to serve as a ROS-sensitive core of microspheres. Then the chitosan core was coated with an alginate shell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn automated measurement system was developed to characterize the spatial gradient, linearity of the spatial gradient, bandwidth and transverse uniformity of a linear variable filter (LVF). To demonstrate this, the LVF fabricated in our group has been measured and analyzed. Simulations for beam spot size effects on measurements were performed for various LVF spectral peak profiles with results indicting significant averaging effect due to beam spot size and this is consistent with experiment results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary tumors may create the premetastatic niche in secondary organs for subsequent metastasis. Humoral immunity contributes to the progression of certain cancers, but the roles of B cells and their derived antibodies in premetastatic niche formation are poorly defined. Using a mouse model of spontaneous lymph node metastasis of breast cancer, we show that primary tumors induced B cell accumulation in draining lymph nodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentifying tumor-induced leukocyte subsets and their derived circulating factors has been instrumental in understanding cancer as a systemic disease. Nevertheless, how primary tumor-induced non-leukocyte populations in distal organs contribute to systemic spread remains poorly defined. Here, we report one population of tumor-inducible, erythroblast-like cells (Ter-cells) deriving from megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells with a unique Ter-119CD45CD71 phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKupffer cells, tissue-resident macrophage lineage cell, are enriched in vertebrate liver. The mouse F4/80 Kupffer cells have been subclassified into two subpopulations according to their phenotype and function: CD68 subpopulation with potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phagocytic capacities, and CD11b subpopulation with a potent capacity to produce T helper 1 cytokines. In addition, CD11b Kupffer cells/macrophages may be migrated from the bone marrow or spleen, especially in inflammatory conditions of the liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pre-metastatic niche educated by primary tumor-derived elements contributes to cancer metastasis. However, the role of host stromal cells in metastatic niche formation and organ-specific metastatic tropism is not clearly defined. Here, we demonstrate that lung epithelial cells are critical for initiating neutrophil recruitment and lung metastatic niche formation by sensing tumor exosomal RNAs via Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNatural killer T cells (NKT cells) are effector cells, but also regulator of immune response, which either promote or suppress immune response through production of different cytokines. However, the subsets of NKT cells with definite phenotype and regulatory function need to be further identified. Furthermore, the mechanisms for NKT cells to regulate immune response remain to be fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse biological processes; however, few have been identified that regulate immune cell differentiation and function. Here, we identified lnc-DC, which was exclusively expressed in human conventional dendritic cells (DCs). Knockdown of lnc-DC impaired DC differentiation from human monocytes in vitro and from mouse bone marrow cells in vivo and reduced capacity of DCs to stimulate T cell activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Tumors can recruit, induce, and expand regulatory T cells (Tregs) to suppress antitumor immune responses for survival and progression. The complicated tumor-related Treg subsets and their functional mechanisms are not fully addressed yet. We have previously identified a novel CD4⁺CD69⁺Foxp3⁻ Treg subset in tumor-bearing mice, which suppresses CD4 T cell response via membrane-bound transforming growth factor beta 1 (mTGF-β1) and then promotes tumor progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Immunol
January 2014
The ever-improving technology to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has increased their potential use as novel candidates for disease modeling, drug screening, regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Indeed, iPSCs offer extensive capacity for self-renewal without the ethical concerns faced by embryonic stem cells (ESCs). With respect to potential applications in the immune system, many studies provide evidence to support that there are exclusive advantages to using iPSCs over other systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited therapeutic options. HCC-induced immunosuppression often leads to ineffectiveness of immuno-promoting therapies. Currently, suppressing the suppressors has become the potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulatory T cells can restrict the uncontrolled immune response and inflammation, avoiding pathologic immune injury to the host and thus playing important roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Until recently, many subsets of CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells have been reported. In this study, we identified CD11c(high)CD8(+) T cells as a new subset of CD8(+) regulatory T cells.
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