Bilateral pontine brachium lesions in one autoantibodies directed against MOG positive patient: A case report.

Rationale: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-related disease is a relatively recent entity in inflammatory demyelinating disease. Its clinical presentation varies in severity and the lack of specific imaging features makes it easy to misdiagnose. We now report the case of a MOG antibody-positive patient who presented with diplopia and dizziness, and whose brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal signals in the bilateral pontine brachium.

Machine learning-based nomogram: integrating MRI radiomics and clinical indicators for prognostic assessment in acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Rapid and precise prognostication of AIS is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. This study explores the integration of machine learning-derived radiomics signatures from multi-parametric MRI with clinical factors to forecast AIS prognosis.

FGF21 attenuates neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage through promoting mitophagy and inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a form of cerebrovascular event characterized by a notable mortality and morbidity rate. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a versatile hormone predominantly synthesized by the hepatic tissue, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent. Nevertheless, the precise impacts and underlying mechanisms of FGF21 in the context of SAH remain enigmatic.

Identifying New Subtypes of Multiple System Atrophy Using Cluster Analysis.

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a disease with diverse symptoms and the commonly used classifications, MSA-P and MSA-C, do not cover all the different symptoms seen in MSA patients. Additionally, these classifications do not provide information about how the disease progresses over time or the expected outcome for patients.

Objective: To explore clinical subtypes of MSA with a natural disease course through a data-driven approach to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of MSA.

Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy treated by L-ornithine-L-aspartate: a case report.

A 63-year-old man developed reduced consciousness and dysphagia progressively. Examination and parameters were normal, except for a Glasgow Coma Scale score of seven, and his grading on the swallow water test increased from grade 1 to grade 5. Brain imaging and blood tests were unexplainable except by high plasma ammonia.

miR‑497/MIR497HG inhibits glioma cell proliferation by targeting CCNE1 and the miR‑588/TUSC1 axis.

Emerging evidence has shown that microRNA (miR)‑497 serves pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in several types of cancer. In the present study, the expression and biological functions of miR‑497 host gene (MIR497HG) were investigated in glioma tissue. The expression levels of miR‑497 and MIR497HG were measured in glioma, adjacent non‑cancerous and normal brain tissue and their association with the prognosis of patients with glioma were analyzed.

An incomplete form of anti-ganglioside antibody-positive Miller Fisher syndrome after an Epstein-Barr virus infection: A case report.

Rationale: The Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is an acute polyradiculoneuritis regarded as an uncommon clinical variant of the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). It is characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. The diagnosis of MFS is based on clinical presentation, presence of albuminocytologic dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and normal brain imaging results.

Silencing lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance of drug-resistant glioma cells and promotes their apoptosis via microRNA-98-5p/CPEB4 axis.

Objective: This study was conducted to elucidate the long non-coding RNA FOXD2-AS1 (lncRNA FOXD2-AS1) expression in glioma and its mechanism on the biological features of glioma cells and the drug resistance of temozolomide (TMZ).

Results: Highly expressed FOXD2-AS1 was found in glioma. There was more powerful chemotherapeutic resistance of TMZ resistant cell lines than that of the parent cell lines.

The Cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 Reduces Delayed Neurologic Sequelae After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning by Promoting Microglial M2 Polarization Through ST2 Signaling.

Delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS) are among the most serious complications of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning caused partly by elevated neuroinflammation. WIN 55,212-2, a non-selective agonist of cannabinoid receptors, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties in various brain disorders. The anti-inflammatory action of WIN 55,212-2 is potentially associated with driving microglial M2 polarization.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a nanotherapeutic agent for amelioration of inflammation-induced astrocyte alterations in mice.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) have robust anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. While astrocytes are thought to be mediators of these effects, their precise role remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the putative therapeutic effects and mechanism of MSC-Exo on inflammation-induced alterations in astrocytes.

The Effects of Intelectin-1 on Antioxidant and Angiogenesis in HUVECs Exposed to Oxygen Glucose Deprivation.

Ischemic stroke leads to cellular death and tissue damage by depriving the areas of glucose and oxygen supplies. The effective treatment of stroke remains a challenge for modern medicine. This study used an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to mimic ischemic injuries and explored the role and mechanism of intelectin-1.

Anti-GABA receptor encephalitis in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens, which are primarily observed with small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and thymoma. Here, we first report a case on the association between a relatively frequent cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), and a rare GABA receptor antibody limbic encephalitis. The patient was treated with immunotherapy and combined-drug chemotherapy, which were partially effective in terms of stabilizing the tumor and relieving neurological symptoms.

[Voxel-based analysis of cerebral blood flow changes in Parkinson disease using arterial spin labeling technique].

Objective: To explore the imaging biomarker for early diagnosis and disease course monitoring of Parkinson disease (PD) in arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique.

Methods: Between July, 2014 and May, 2017, 23 patients with PD underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ASL examinations in our hospital, including 13 in the early stage and 10 in advanced stages. Voxel-based analysis (VBA) was used to observe the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) characteristics in PD patients in different stages and three-dimensional continuous arterial spin labeling (3D CASL) was used to analyze the mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF).

Suppression of SIRT6 by miR-33a facilitates tumor growth of glioma through apoptosis and oxidative stress resistance.

microRNA-33a (miR-33a) belongs to the miR-33 family that is implicated in the progression of various types of cancers. Aberrant expression of miR-33a has been detected in several human cancers, and has been shown to regulate the migration and invasion as well as proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the clinical significance and precise mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of miR-33a in glioma have not been well investigated in previous studies.

AGEs Decreased SIRT3 Expression and SIRT3 Activation Protected AGEs-Induced EPCs' Dysfunction and Strengthened Anti-oxidant Capacity.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been confirmed to induce dysfunction in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and play key roles in pathogenesis of diabetes-related vascular complications. The major function of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is to orchestrate oxidative metabolism and control reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, which are more closely related to EPCs' dysfunction. Our study therefore was designed to explore the role of SIRT3 on AGEs-induced EPCs dysfunction of.

Anti-apoptotic and angiogenic effects of intelectin-1 in rat cerebral ischemia.

Ischemic stroke is an acute life-threatening disease, which causes neurological dysfunction. The formation of new blood vessels around the infarct is vital to the restoration of perfusion and healing of brain tissue. Studies have shown that intelectin-1 (omentin) promotes endothelial cell function and angiogenesis in response to ischemia and inhibits apoptosis in rats with unilateral hind limb surgery.

Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, protects against amyloid-β peptide-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share specific molecular mechanisms, and agents with proven efficacy in one may be useful against the other. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin-4 has similar properties to GLP-1 and is currently in clinical use for T2DM treatment. Thus, this study was designed to characterize the effects of exendin-4 on the impairment of learning and memory induced by amyloid protein (Aβ) and its probable molecular underlying mechanisms.

Down-regulation of Homer1b/c protects against chemically induced seizures through inhibition of mTOR signaling.

Background: Homer is a family of post synaptic density proteins functionally and physically attached to target proteins at proline-rich sequences. Reducing Homer1b/c expression has been shown in previous studies to be protective against excitotoxic insults, implicating Homer1b/c in the physiological regulation of aberrant neuronal excitability.

Methods: To test the efficacy of a Homer1b/c reducing therapy for disorders with a detrimental hyperexcitability profile in mice, we used small interfere RNA (siRNA) to decrease endogenous Homer1b/c expression in mouse hippocampus.

Prospective, open, multicentre Phase I/II trial to assess safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin for esophageal carcinoma.

Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is increasingly treated with trimodality therapy. The objective of this Phase I/II clinical study is to assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin and radiotherapy in patients with esophagectomy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma received radiochemotherapy (50 Gy/25 fractions during Weeks 1-5) using a three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique together with weekly docetaxel (20 mg/m(2) at dose levels 1 and 2, 25 mg/m(2) at dose level 3 on Weeks 1-5) and cisplatin (30 mg/m(2) at dose level 1, 40 mg/m(2) at dose levels 2 and 3 on Weeks 1-5) from January 2009 to December 2011.

Anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in rat brain with cerebral ischemia.

Background: Excessive inflammation and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is considered to be a key protein complex involved in this cascade of events. The aim of the present study was to clarify the protection mechanism of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Dynamin-related protein 1 inhibitors protect against ischemic toxicity through attenuating mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from endoplasmic reticulum store in PC12 cells.

Intracellular calcium homeostasis disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in many acute and chronic brain diseases, including ischemic brain injury. An imbalance in mitochondrial fission and fusion is one of the most important structural abnormalities found in a large number of mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of mitochondrial division inhibitor A (mdivi A) and mdivi B, two small molecule inhibitors of mitochondrial fission protein dunamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1), in neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in PC12 cells.