Dynamic pathway linking Pakistan flooding to East Asian heatwaves.

In July to August 2022, Pakistan suffered historic flooding while record-breaking heatwaves swept southern China, causing severe socioeconomic impacts. Similar extreme events have frequently coincided between two regions during the past 44 years, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using observations and a suite of model experiments, here, we show that the upper-tropospheric divergent wind induced by convective heating over Pakistan excites a barotropic anomalous anticyclone over eastern China, which further leads to persistent heatwaves.

Characteristics and sources of PM-bound elements in Shanghai during autumn and winter of 2019: Insight into the development of pollution episodes.

Elemental composition of PM dispersed in the atmosphere has received increasing attention due to its health effect and catalytic activities. In this study, the characteristics and source apportionment of PM-bound elements were investigated using hourly measurements. K is the most abundant metal element, followed by Fe > Ca > Zn > Mn > Ba > Pb > Cu > Cd.

Characteristics of aerosol chemistry and acidity in Shanghai after PM satisfied national guideline: Insight into future emission control.

With continuous endeavors to control air pollutant emissions, the average concentration of PM in Shanghai in 2019-2020 satisfied the national secondary standard (35 μg m) for the first time. In this study, the two-year dataset of hourly resolution PM compositions observed in downtown Shanghai was used to investigate the relative contribution of sulfate and nitrate as well as particulate acidity. The average concentration of SO was reduced to 7.