Five Pairs of Enantiomer as Rearrangement Products from Secoiridoids in Pall.

Five racemates () were isolated from , in which were successfully separated into four pairs of enantiomers ( and , and , and , and and ), whereas the resolution of failed due to the hemiacetal functionality at the stereogenic center. Using electronic circular dichrosim calculation, the relationship of the molecular rotation direction and the carbon / chirality was revealed, and each pair of enantiomer was identified as (-)-()-gentianmacrol B () and (+)-()-gentianmacrol B (), (-)-()-8-methoxy-gentianol () and (+)-()-8-methoxy-gentianol (), (+)-()-8-methyl-gentianadine () and (-)-()-8-methyl-gentianadine (), and (-)-()-gentianol () and (+)-()-gentianol (). Besides, these compounds could be divided into two series, containing the benzene ring moiety and containing the pyridine ring moiety.

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals mechanism of light intensity modulating iridoid biosynthesis in Gentiana macrophylla Pall.

Light intensity is a key factor affecting the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. However, the response mechanisms of metabolites and genes in Gentiana macrophylla under different light intensities have not been determined. In the present study, G.

Quantifying chemical correlations between fruits and processed fruit products: A non-targeted analysis approach.

Juices and beverages are produced by industry for long-distance distribution and shelf-stability, providing valuable nutrients. However, their nutritional value is often underestimated due to insufficient analytical methods. We have employed non-targeted analysis through a standardized analytical protocol, taking advantage of Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) technique and a novel Chromatographic Retention Behavior (CRB) data deconvolution algorithm.

Genomic characterization of WRKY transcription factors related to secoiridoid biosynthesis in Gentiana macrophylla.

Gentiana macrophylla is one of Chinese herbal medicines in which 4 kinds of iridoids or secoiridoids, such as loganic acid, sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside, are identified as the dominant medicinal secondary metabolites. WRKY, as a large family of transcription factors (TFs), plays an important role in the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. Therefore, WRKY genes involved in the biosynthesis of secoiridoids in G.

Hollow Mesoporous Molybdenum Single-Atom Nanozyme-Based Reactor for Enhanced Cascade Catalytic Antibacterial Therapy.

Purpose: The remarkable peroxidase-like activity of single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) allows them to catalyze the conversion of HO to •OH, rendering them highly promising for antibacterial applications. However, their practical in vivo application is hindered by the near-neutral pH and insufficient HO levels present in physiological systems. This study was aimed at developing a SAzyme-based nanoreactor and investigating its in vivo antibacterial activity.

Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritic Effects of Paris Saponin VII in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats.

In the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) have tumor-like characteristics, mainly manifested by hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis and then it will erode the bone and cartilage, eventually leading to joint destruction. Paris saponin VII (PS VII) is an active compound derived from a traditional herbal medicine named Maxim, which has anti-tumor, analgesic, and immunomodulatory effects. However, its anti-RA effect has not yet been reported.

Total saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris inhibit proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and influence MAPK signalling pathways on the colorectal cancer cell.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in incidence and second in mortality among all types of cancer, and due to its insidious onset and lack of early symptoms, it is usually diagnosed at a later stage. Saponins, a class of compounds abundant in plants, have been reported to possess prominent anti‑tumour properties. The use of ginsenoside Rg3 in the clinical setting was authorized by the National Medicinal Products Administration of China.

Mangiferin inhibited neuroinflammation through regulating microglial polarization and suppressing NF-κB, NLRP3 pathway.

Inflammation plays important roles in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Microglia is responsible for the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS), and involved in the neuroinflammation. Therefore, it could be potential in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to suppress the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Polyphyllin VII induces apoptotic cell death via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and NF‑κB pathways in A549 human lung cancer cells.

Polyphyllin VII is an active compound isolated from Paris polyphylla, which is termed Chonglou in China. The present study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the antitumor effect of Polyphyllin VII in lung cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect of Polyphyllin VII in human lung cancer A549 cells was analyzed; the results revealed an IC50 value of 0.

Steroidal constituents from Helleborus thibetanus and their cytotoxicities.

Thibetanosides E-H (1-4), four new steroidal constituents including three rare sulfonates (2-4), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus, together with nine known steroidal compounds (5-13). Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical evidence. In this study, compounds 2-13 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HCT116, A549 and HepG2 tumor cell lines in vitro.

Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis.

Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis, and their structures were determined as tupistrosides J-N (1-5), together with four known furostanol saponins (6-9), on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. Among them, compounds 3 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines SW620 with IC values of 72.5 ± 2.

[Responses of seed germination of Astragalus membranaceus to light and temperature conditions accompanied with drought and salt stresses].

We studied the seed germination of Astragalus membranaceus under PEG and Na Cl osmotic stress gradients( 0,-0. 1,-0. 3,-0.

[Programmed cell death induced by drought stress in sprout tumble of Pinellia ternata].

To further study the mechanism of sprout tumble caused by drought,drought stress was simulating with 30% PEG 6000,physiological,and then the morphological changes of Pinellia ternata cells at different treatment time were detected. The results indicated that,along with the period of drought stress continued,the contents of chlorophyll and water potential were decreased,relative electrical conductivity,contents of soluble sugar and MDA increased. Sprout tumble of P.

Three new steroidal components from the roots of .

A new coprostanol glycoside, 26-trihydroxy-16, 22-dioxo-3-[(-L-rhamnopyranosyl)oxy]-5-cholestan-1-yl --L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-fucopyranoside () (25)-5-spirostan-1,2,3, 4,5, 6-hexol (), a new C-22 steroidal lactone saponin, (20 )-16-trihydroxy-3-[(-L-rhamnopyranosyl)oxy]-1-[(--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-5-pregnane-20-oic acid γ-lactone () along with two known pregnane glycosides ( and ) were obtained from the roots of . Their structures were determined by 1 D, 2 D NMR, IR and MS data analysis. In addition, the cytotoxic activities in HT-29, HCT116, H1299 and A549 tumor cells of the isolated compounds (-) were determined by the MTT method.

[Effects of shading on key enzyme genesexpression and accumulation of saponins in Panax japonicus var. major].

To explore the effects of shading and the expression of key enzyme genes on the synthesis and accumulation of Panax japonicus var. major saponins, different shading treatments (0%, 30%,50%) of potted P. japonicus var.

Axis-Mediated Metabolism Alternations of Inflammation-Related Glycolysis Involve with Colorectal Carcinogenesis.

Chronic inflammation is a major driving factor for the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). It is extensively acknowledged that patients who have long-standing inflammation bowel disease are at high risk for developing CAC. However, the metabolic alteration by which chronic intestinal inflammation promotes colorectal cancer is unclear.

C19-Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from .

Three new C-norditerpenoid alkaloids (), along with two known C-norditerpenoid alkaloids (), have been isolated from . Based on extensive spectroscopic techniques (1D, 2D-NMR, IR, and MS) and chemical methods, their structures were established as szechenyianine D , szechenyianine E (), szechenyianine F (), 8--methyl-14-benzoylaconine (), and spicatine A (). The immunosuppressive effects of compounds ⁻ were studied using a ConA-induced or LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation model.

Steroidal Constituents from Roots and Rhizomes of Smilacina japonica.

Four new steroidal constituents (-) along with two known steroidal glycosides ( and ) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of . Analysis of their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic profiles identified the compounds as (25)-5-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 17-diol (); (25)-5-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 12β-diol (); (25)-5-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 17-diol-3--β-d-glucopyranoside (); (25)-5-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β, 17-diol-3--β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (); japonicoside B (); and japonicoside C (). All six compounds showed cytotoxic activity against SMMC-7712, Bel-7402, A549, H460, and K562 human cancer cells.

C19-Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum szechenyianum and Their Effects on LPS-Activated NO Production.

Three new C19-norditerpenoid alkaloids (1-3), along with two known C19-norditerpenoid alkaloids (4-5) have been isolated from Aconitum szechenyianum. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods as szechenyianine A (1), szechenyianine B (2), szechenyianine C (3), N-deethyl-3-acetylaconitine (4), and N-deethyldeoxyaconitine (5). Additionally, compounds 1-5 were tested for the inhibition of NO production on LPS-activated RAW264.

Tangzhining exhibits a protective effect against cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats.

Previous studies have suggested that diabetes significantly impairs the cognitive function. Tangzhining (TZN), as a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been widely used to treat diabetes in China. However, the effect of TZN on treatment of diabetes-induced learning and memory deficits has not been well documented.

Steroidal Saponins from the Roots and Rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis.

Two new furostanol saponins 1-2 and a new spirostanol saponin 3 were isolated together with two known furostanol saponins 4-5 from the roots and rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis. Their structures were characterized as 1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,26-hexahydroxyfurost-20(22), 25(27)-dien-5,26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,6β,7α,23ξ,26-nona-hydroxyfurost- 20(22),25(27)-dien-26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (20S,22R)-spirost-25 (27)-en-1β,3β,5β- trihydroxy-1-O-β-d-xyloside (3), tupisteroide B (4) and 5β-furost-Δ25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,7α, 22ξ,26-octahydroxy-6-one-26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), respectively, by extensive use of spectroscopic techniques and chemical evidence. Additionally, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of 1-4 was evaluated on human A549 and H1299 tumor cell lines, and compound 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against A549 cells (IC50 86.

Steroidal glycosides from Reineckia carnea.

Three new steroidal glycosides (1-3) and a novel natural product 4 firstly obtained from a plant source, together with two known steroidal glycosides (5-6) have been isolated from the whole plant of Reineckia carnea. Their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods, and their cytotoxic activities against human 1299 tumor cells were evaluated by the MTT method. Compounds 4, 5 and 6 exhibited cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 50.

Deglucose chikusetsusaponin IVa isolated from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris induces apoptosis in human HepG2 hepatoma cells.

Deglucose chikusetsusaponin IVa (DCIVa), isolated from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, is a type of oleanane triterpenoids. Various previous studies have demonstrated that oleanane triterpenoids exhibit cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cells. However, whether DCIVa exerts an antitumor effect remains to be elucidated.

Paris Saponin VII Inhibits the Migration and Invasion in Human A549 Lung Cancer Cells.

Metastasis is the main cause of death in lung cancer. Targeting the process of metastasis is a strategy to lung cancer treatment. Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.

[Characteristics of inorganic elements in Panacis Majoris Rhizoma and relationship with its Daodi habitat].

Objective: To investigate the Daodi habitat of Panacis Majoris Rhizoma by analyzing the characteristics of inorganic elements in Panacis Majoris Rhizoma from different habitats.

Methods: The contents of inorganic elements in Panacis Majoris Rhizoma from different habitats were determined by ICP-AES. The characteristics of inorganic elements in Panacis Majoris Rhizoma were analyzed by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis.