Ru incorporated into Se vacancy-containing CoSe as an efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution.

In alkaline media, slow water dissociation leads to poor overall hydrogen evolution performance. However, Ru catalysts have a certain water dissociation performance, thus regulating the Ru-H bond through vacancy engineering and accelerating water dissociation. Herein, an excellent Ru-based electrocatalyst for the alkaline HER has been developed by incorporating Ru into Se vacancy-containing CoSe (Ru-V-CoSe).

Enhanced catalytic performance through a single-atom preparation approach: a review on ruthenium-based catalysts.

The outstanding catalytic properties of single-atom catalysts (SACs) stem from the maximum atom utilization and unique quantum size effects, leading to ever-increasing research interest in SACs in recent years. Ru-based SACs, which have shown excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, have been brought to the frontier of the research field due to their lower cost compared with other noble catalysts. The synthetic approaches for preparing Ru SACs are rather diverse in the open literature, covering a wide range of applications.

Effects of Central Metal Ion on Binuclear Metal Phthalocyanine-Based Redox Mediator for Lithium Carbonate Decomposition.

LiCO is the most tenacious parasitic solid-state product in lithium-air batteries (LABs). Developing suitable redox mediators (RMs) is an efficient way to address the LiCO issue, but only a few RMs have been investigated to date, and their mechanism of action also remains elusive. Herein, we investigate the effects of the central metal ion in binuclear metal phthalocyanines on the catalysis of LiCO decomposition, namely binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (bi-CoPc) and binuclear cobalt manganese phthalocyanine (bi-CoMnPc).

Electron Redistribution of Ru Site on MoO@NiMoO Support for Efficient Ampere-Level Current Density Electrolysis of Alkaline Seawater.

Seawater electrolysis is a promising but challenging strategy to generate carbon-neutral hydrogen. A grand challenge for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from alkaline seawater electrolysis is the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts to overcome the limitation of sluggish kinetics. Here, a 3D nanorod hybrid catalyst is reported, which comprises heterostructure MoO@NiMoO supported Ru nanoparticles (Ru/ MoO@NiMoO) with a size of ≈5 nm.

A high-performance crystalline TiO(PO)/TiO carbon-coated composite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries.

A crystalline TiO(PO)/TiO carbon-coated composite was synthesized by a glucose-modified hydrothermal method. It shows the highest reversible capacities, excellent rate properties and remarkable cycling performances compared to its counterpart prepared without glucose modification, particularly maintaining a capacity of 233.9 mA h g after 200 cycles at 1000 mA g.

Superior Anticorrosion Performance of Well-Dispersed MXene-Polymer Composite Coatings Enabled by Covalent Modification and Ambient Electron-Beam Curing.

MXene-reinforced composite coatings have recently shown promise for metal anticorrosion due to their large aspect ratio and antipermeability; however, the challenges of the poor dispersion, oxidation, and sedimentation of MXene nanofillers in a resin matrix that are often encountered in the existing curing methods have greatly limited practical applications. Herein, we reported an efficient, ambient, and solvent-free electron beam (EB) curing technology to fabricate PDMS@MXene filled acrylate-polyurethane (APU) coatings for anticorrosion of 2024 Al alloy, a common aerospace structural material. We showed that the dispersion of MXene nanoflakes modified by PDMS-OH was dramatically improved in EB-cured resin and enhanced the water resistance through the additional water-repellent groups of PDMS-OH.

A Unified Model Using Distantly Supervised Data and Cross-Domain Data in NER.

Named entity recognition (NER) systems are often realized by supervised methods that require large hand-annotated data. When the hand-annotated data is limited, distantly supervised (DS) data and cross-domain (CD) data are usually used separately to improve the performance. The distantly supervised data can provide in-domain dictionary information, and the hand-annotated cross-domain information can be provided by cross-domain data.

Effects of the original Gymnastics for Pregnant Women program on glycaemic control and delivery outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus affects millions of pregnant women. Lifestyle intervention is recommended as the first-line treatment, in which exercise plays an important role. Effective and safe exercise is required to facilitate glycaemic control and improve delivery outcomes.

Structural Variations of Metal Oxide-Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an important electrode reaction in electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical cells for a carbon-free energy cycle, has attracted considerable attention in the last few years. Metal oxides have been considered as good candidates for electrocatalytic OER because they can be easily synthesized and are relatively stable during the OER process. However, inevitable structural variations still occur to them due to the complex reaction steps and harsh working conditions of OER, thus impending the further insight into the catalytic mechanism and rational design of highly efficient electrocatalysts.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of pelvic floor dysfunction among obstetrical healthcare workers in China: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Many women experience pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) during the perinatal period. Knowledge of PFD among women is poor, which may reflect inadequate provision of information by healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to explore obstetrical healthcare workers' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PFD.

Effect of app-based audio guidance pelvic floor muscle training on treatment of stress urinary incontinence in primiparas: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence is a distressing and burdensome condition affecting approximately one third of pregnant women and pelvic floor muscle training is recommended as the first-line treatment. Convenient and cost-effective regimen of pelvic floor muscle training is required to facilitate the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and improve the adherence to treatment in pregnant women.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of app-based audio guidance pelvic floor muscle training on the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in primiparas.

Nitrogen-Doped Porous CoO/Graphene Nanocomposite for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries.

A novel approach is developed to synthesize a nitrogen-doped porous CoO/anthracite-derived graphene (CoO/AG) nanocomposite through a combined self-assembly and heat treatment process using resource-rich anthracite as a carbonaceous precursor. The nanocomposite contains uniformly distributed CoO nanoparticles with a size smaller than 8 nm on the surface of porous graphene, and exhibits a specific surface area (120 m·g), well-developed mesopores distributed at 3~10 nm, and a high level of nitrogen doping (5.4 at.

Partially Naked Fluoride in Solvate Ionic Liquids.

Truly naked fluoride exists only in the gas phase. Fluoride can be stabilized by a complexing agent and an organic cation, resulting in anhydrous or dehydrated fluoride which is "partially naked." This partially naked fluoride enables fluorination reactions at much lower temperatures than hydrated fluorides.

Effect of halides on the solvation of poly(ethylene oxide) in the ionic liquid propylammonium nitrate.

Hypothesis: The solvation characteristics of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in nanostructured protic ionic liquids (PILs) are driven by polymer-solvent interactions in the polar domains of the PIL. This work hypothesises that the nanostructure of a PIL can be altered via halide addition, directly affecting the solvation of PEO.

Experiments: Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to explore the conformation of 38 kDa PEO dissolved in the PIL propylammonium nitrate (PAN), a mol fraction of 10% propylammonium chloride (PACl) in PAN, and a mole fraction of 10% propylammonium bromide (PABr) in PAN.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultra-Light Coal-Based Graphene Oxide Aerogel for Efficient Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions.

A novel carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-supported graphene oxide aerogel (CGOA) was fabricated from a cost-effective and abundant bituminous coal by a mild hydrothermal process and freeze-drying treatment. Such an aerogel has cross-linked graphene oxide layers supported by CMC, and therefore, displays high mechanical strength while having ultra-low density (8.257 mg·cm).

Small angle neutron scattering study of the conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) dissolved in deep eutectic solvents.

Hypothesis: The conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is determined by the polymer-solvent interactions, especially hydrogen bonding interactions. The hypothesis for this work is that the hydrogen bonding environment of a DES can be varied via changing the cation or hydrogen bond donor (HBD), and therefore the solvent quality for PEO; the anion species will also effect hydrogen bonding, but this is not examined here.

Experiments: Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to probe the concentration dependent conformation of 36kDa PEO dissolved in DESs formed by mixing ethyl or butyl ammonium bromide with a molecular HBD (glycerol or ethylene glycol) in a 1:2 molar ratio.

Comparison of clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients in China: A retrospective study.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proved to be a predictor of adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Drug-eluting stents (DESs) could reduce the adverse events in DM patients. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical outcome after DES implantation in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients in China.

Effect of cation alkyl chain length on surface forces and physical properties in deep eutectic solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been prepared from mixtures of alkyl ammonium bromide salts (ethylammonium bromide, propylammonium bromide and butylammonium bromide) and glycerol at a 1: 2 M ratio. These DESs reveal the effect of cation alkyl chain length on interfacial structure at mica (a model anionic) surface. As the cation chain length is increased it becomes more amphiphilic and solvophobic, leading to stronger association of alkyl chains, as revealed by atomic force microscope force curve measurements.

Mixing cations with different alkyl chain lengths markedly depresses the melting point in deep eutectic solvents formed from alkylammonium bromide salts and urea.

The melting point of a deep eutectic solvent formed from a ternary mixture of ethylammonium bromide (EABr), butylammonium bromide (BABr) and urea is 10 °C, which is almost 40 °C lower than the melting points of binary DESs formed from either EABr:urea or BABr:urea mixtures. This reveals a new route to prepare room temperature DESs via mixing different cations.

Early adulthood body mass index, cumulative smoking, and esophageal adenocarcinoma survival.

Background: Smoking and obesity are esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk factors. However, the same risk factors may also affect biological aggressiveness and cancer outcomes. Our study evaluated the combined effects of early-adulthood obesity and cumulative smoking on the EAC survival.

Structural effect of glyme-Li(+) salt solvate ionic liquids on the conformation of poly(ethylene oxide).

The conformation of 36 kDa polyethylene oxide (PEO) dissolved in three glyme-Li(+) solvate ionic liquids (SILs) has been investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheology as a function of concentration and compared to a previously studied SIL. The solvent quality of a SIL for PEO can be tuned by changing the glyme length and anion type. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals that PEO is dissolved in the SILs through Li(+)-PEO coordinate bonds.

Adsorption of Polyether Block Copolymers at Silica-Water and Silica-Ethylammonium Nitrate Interfaces.

Atomic force microscope (AFM) force curves and images are used to characterize the adsorbed layer structure formed by a series of diblock copolymers with solvophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and solvophobic poly(ethyl glycidyl ether) (PEGE) blocks at silica-water and silica-ethylammoniun nitrate (EAN, a room temperature ionic liquid (IL)) interfaces. The diblock polyethers examined are EGE109EO54, EGE113EO115, and EGE104EO178. These experiments reveal how adsorbed layer structure varies as the length of the EO block varies while the EGE block length is kept approximately constant; water is a better solvent for PEO than EAN, so higher curvature structures are found at the interface of silica with water than with EAN.

Conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) dissolved in the solvate ionic liquid [Li(G4)]TFSI.

The conformation of 38 kDa PEO in a solvate ionic liquid (SIL), lithium tetraglyme bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)amide ([Li(G4)]TFSI) from dilute to concentrated solution regimes has been determined by small angle neutron scattering and rheology. SANS analysis reveals that [Li(G4)]TFSI is better than a theta solvent (theta-good) for PEO. The variation of the radius of gyration (Rg) and viscosity as a function of polymer concentration allow the overlap concentrations, c* and c**, to be identified at 13 mg mL(-1) and 50 mg mL(-1), respectively, which are similar to values reported previously for conventional ionic liquids.

Altered heart rate variability depend on the characteristics of coronary lesions in stable angina pectoris.

Objective: Dysfunction of cardiac autonomic nerve system is considered as one of risk factors for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to study the correlation between damage of coronary artery and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system. We hypothesize the correlation between damage of coronary artery and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system by HRV among subjects with stable angina.

Effect of cosolvents on the self-assembly of a non-ionic polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide block copolymer in the protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate.

The effect of water and methanol on the self-assembled structures formed by the polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide block copolymer Pluronic P123 in ethylammonium nitrate was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Two ternary phase diagrams were established. The addition of water had only a minor effect on the liquid crystal structures, however methanol had a significant effect, which was attributed to methanol being a good solvent for both the PEO and PPO blocks of the polymer.